Anxiety disorder

1. Anxiety disorder a term covering several different forms of a type of mental illness of abnormal and pathological fear and anxiety

2. Generalized anxiety disorder chronic disorder characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation.

3. criteria A. A period of at least six months with prominent tension, worry and feelings of apprehension, about every-day events and problems.B. At least four symptoms out of the following list of items must be present, of which at least one from items (1) to (4).

4. Autonomic arousal symptoms Palpitations or pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate. Sweating. Trembling or shaking. Dry mouth (not due to medication or dehydration).

5. Symptoms concerning chest and abdomen Difficulty breathing. Feeling of choking. Chest pain or discomfort. Nausea or abdominal distress (e.g. churning in stomach).

6. Symptoms concerning brain and mind Feeling dizzy, unsteady, faint or light-headed. Feelings that objects are unreal (derealization), or that one's self is distant or "not really here" (depersonalization). Fear of losing control, going crazy, or passing out. Fear of dying.

7. General symptoms Hot flushes or cold chills. Numbness or tingling sensations.

8. Symptoms of tension Muscle tension or aches and pains. Restlessness and inability to relax. Feeling keyed up, or on edge, or of mental tension. A sensation of a lump in the throat, or difficulty with swallowing.

9. Other non-specific symptoms Exaggerated response to minor surprises or being startled Difficulty in concentrating, or mind going blank, because of worrying or anxiety. Persistent irritability. Difficulty getting to sleep because of worrying.

10. C. The disorder does not meet the criteria for panic disorder (F41.0), phobic anxiety disorders (F40.-), obsessive-compulsive disorder (F42.-) or hypochondriacal disorder (F45.2).D. Most commonly used exclusion criteria: not sustained by a physical disorder, such as hyperthyroidism, an organic mental disorder (F0) or psychoactive substance-related disorder (F1), such as excess consumption of amphetamine-like substances, or withdrawal from benzodiazepines.

11. Treatment Cognitive behavioral therapy Benzodiazepines SSRIs

12. Panic disorder an anxiety disorder characterized by recurring severe panic attacks. It may also include significant behavioral changes lasting at least a month and of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks

13. Panic disorder Panic attacks cannot be predicted, therefore an individual may become stressed, anxious or worried wondering when the next panic attack will occur

14. Because of the intense symptoms that accompany panic disorder, it may be mistaken for a life-threatening physical illness such as a heart attack. This misconception often aggravates or triggers future attacks (some are called Anticipatory Attacks). People frequently go to hospital emergency rooms when they are having panic attacks, and extensive medical tests may be performed to rule out these other conditions, thus creating further anxiety. There are three types of panic attacks: unexpected, situationally bounded and situationally predisposed

15. Signs and symptoms Panic disorder sufferers usually have a series of intense episodes of extreme anxiety during panic attacks. These attacks typically last about ten minutes, and can be as short-lived as 1–5 minutes, but can last twenty minutes to more than an hour, or until helpful intervention is made, rapid heartbeat, perspiration, dizziness, dyspnea, trembling

16. Signs and symptoms uncontrollable fear such as: the fear of losing control and going crazy, the fear of dying and hyperventilation Other symptoms are sweating, a sensation of choking, chest pain, nausea, numbness or tingling, chills or hot flashes, faintness and some sense of altered reality

17. Diagnosis unexpected, recurrent panic attacks, followed in at least one instance by at least a month of a significant and related behavior change, a persistent concern of more attacks, or a worry about the attack's consequences. There are two types, one with and one without agoraphobia. Diagnosis is excluded by attacks due to a drug or medical condition, or by panic attacks that are better accounted for by other mental disorders

18. Treatment Psychotherapy Medication Antidepressants SSRIs, MAOIs, tricyclic Anti-antidepressants Anti-anxiety drugs benzodiazepines

19. Phobia persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed

20. Social phobia fears other people or social situations such as performance anxiety or fears of embarrassment by scrutiny of others, such as eating in public. Overcoming social phobia is often very difficult without the help of therapy or support groups

21. Specific phobias fear of a single specific panic trigger such as spiders, snakes, dogs, water, heights, flying, catching a specific illness

22. Claustrophobia the fear of having no escape and being closed in small spaces or rooms (opposite: claustrophilia). It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in panic attack, and can be the result of many situations or stimuli, including elevators crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and even tight-necked clothing

23. Agoraphobia a generalized fear of leaving home or a small familiar 'safe' area, and of possible panic attacks that might follow.

24. Treatments Cognitive behavioral therapy Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Hypnotherapy

25. Agoraphobia Agoraphobia is a condition where the sufferer becomes anxious in environments that are unfamiliar or where he or she perceives that they have little control.

26. Posttraumatic stress disorder severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to any event that results in psychological trauma.This event may involve the threat of death to oneself or to someone else, or to one's own or someone else's physical, sexual, or psychological integrity,overwhelming the individual's ability to cope.

27. Signs and symptoms Diagnostic symptoms for PTSD include re-experiencing the original trauma(s) through flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and increased arousal—such as difficulty falling or staying asleep, anger, and hypervigilance.

28. Diagnosis A: Exposure to a traumatic event B: Persistent re-experiencing C: Persistent avoidance and emotional numbing D: Persistent symptoms of increased arousal not present before E: Duration of symptoms for more than 1 month F: Significant impairment

29. Management Preventive Treatments Psychological debriefing Risk Targeted Interventions Psychobiological Treatments Stepped Collaborative Care Psychotherapeutic interventions eye movement desensitization and reprocessing cognitive behavioral therapy

30. Management Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral therapy Interpersonal psychotherapy Medication Alpha-adrenergic antagonists Anti- convulsants, mood stabilizers Antipsychotics Beta blockers Benzodiazepines Glucocorticoids Heterocyclic / Tricyclic anti-depressants anti-depressants SSRIs