Allelopathic studies in Çukurova region, Turkey

1. Allelopathic studies in Çukurova region, Turkey Nezihi Uygur Çukurova University, AgriculturalFaculty, Department of PlantProtection nuygur@cu.edu.tr

2. Allelopathy has been defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment • Numerous allelochemicals have been idendified as • Phenolic acids, • Coumarins, • Terpenoids, • Flavonoids, • Alkaloids, • Glycosides, • Isothiocyanate, • Glucosinolates.

3. Allelopathy studies; -Allelopathic crops, Radish (Raphanus sativus), -Allelopathic and bioherbicidal effect of the plant parts residues from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Melia azedarach, Nerium oleander etc. on growth of weeds and crops, -The effect of vinegar and citric acide on weeds, -Effect of mustard and other oils on germination and development of weed species, -The effect of industrial production waste on weed density in perennial crops.

4. The Brassicaceae family is important for allelopathic potential, as its members frequently produces allelopathic substances

5. Radish (Raphanus sativus) -Important crop in Turkey, -Especially in southern provinces, -141.505 tons/2009 year

6. COTTON RADISH WHEAT COTTON March April October September April September September August June Johnsongrass **** Johnsongrass * Johnsongrass *****

7. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)-Harvest time

8. Break into pieces Ready to incorporate into soil

9. To mix with soil

10. ■0 kg radishroot/m2 ■2,5 kg radishroot/m2 ■5 kg radishroot/m2 ■5 kg radishroot+stem/m2 No.of Sorghum halapense Rhizome/m2 May May June June June July July July July August August August The Effect of Radish on Sorghum halepense before Cotton Sowing

11. Different Concentrations of the Radish Extract Radish Extract 100% Radish Extract 66% Radish Extract 50% Radish Extract 33% Steril Distilled Water

12. Effect of Radish on emergence of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) rhizomes □Steril Distilled Water ■Radish Extract 33% ■Radish Extract 50% ■Radish Extract66% ■Radish Extract 100% No.of Germinated Rhizomes Applications

13. Effect of Radish on emergence of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) rhizomes □Steril Distilled Water ■Radish Extract 33% ■Radish Extract 50% ■Radish Extract66% ■Radish Extract 100% No.of Germinated Rhizomes Applications

14. Effect of Radish on germination of Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds □Steril Distilled Water ■Radish Extract 33% ■Radish Extract 50% ■Radish Extract66% ■Radish Extract 100% No.of Germinated Seeds Applications

15. Effect of Radish on germination of Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) seeds □Steril Distilled Water ■Radish Extract 33% ■Radish Extract 50% ■Radish Extract66% ■Radish Extract 100% No.of Germinated Seeds Applications

16. Effect of Radish on germination of Rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seeds □Steril Distilled Water ■Radish Extract 33% ■Radish Extract 50% ■Radish Extract66% ■Radish Extract 100% No.of Germinated Seeds Applications

17. □Steril Distilled Water ■Radish Extract 33% ■Radish Extract 50% ■Radish Extract66% ■Radish Extract 100% No.of Germinated Seeds Applications Effect of Radish on germination of Cotton seeds - There is no effect on cotton germination.

18. □Steril Distilled Water ■Radish Extract 33% ■Radish Extract 50% ■Radish Extract66% ■Radish Extract 100% No.of Germinated Seeds Applications Effect of Radish on germination of Soybean seeds - There is an negative effect on soyabean germination at 50,66,100% concentrations.

19. No any germination in many weeds as Convolvulus arvensis, Alopecurus myosuroides Effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus) Root Extract on Seeds of Some Weeds

20. Effect of Choromotographic Fractions of Radish (Raphanus sativus) Extract on Two Test Plants Two fractions were the most effective on the germination on test plants

21. S- Glc Sulfataz R-N=C=S K+ R-C Thioglucosidaz N-O-SO3 Isothiocyanate (Mustard oil)

22. Nerium oleander and Melia azedarach were the most effective allelopathic plants against germination of five weed speices Effect of Various Plant Extracts on the Germination of Some Weeds Seeds

23. Effect of Mustard Oil on Germination of Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) • Germination of C. solstitialis was negatively • effected by three different layer of • mustard oil+water mixture, • The mixture also reduced the lenght of • root radicle of C. solstitialis

24. Effect of Single Post-emergence Mustard Oil Application on Growth of Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) • 40% concentration of mustard oil caused more than 80% damage on C. solstitialis, • The same concentration also reduced the dry weight of C. solstitialis.

25. Effect of Two Post-emergence Mustard Oil Application on Growth of Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) • 40% concentration of mustard oil caused more than 60% damage on C. solstitialis, • The same concentration also reduced the dry weight of C. solstitialis.

26. Thank you for your attention!