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Chapter 4:Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4:Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry. 4.1 Aqueous Solutions. Electrolytes - ionic solutions that conduct a current. ZAP. Nonelectrolytes - molecular compounds (most covalent) Strong electrolytes - strong acids, strong bases, and salts

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Chapter 4:Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

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  1. Chapter 4:Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

  2. 4.1 Aqueous Solutions • Electrolytes- ionic solutions that conduct a current. ZAP. • Nonelectrolytes- molecular compounds (most covalent) • Strong electrolytes- strong acids, strong bases, and salts • Weak electrolytes- weak acids and weak bases

  3. 4.3 Reactions A. Double Displacement AB + CD  AD + CB • Precipitate • Solubility rules (p. 125) • Neutralization • Acid + base  salt + H2O • Hydrolysis • Salt + water  acid + base B. Single Displacement Element + compound  element + compound • Activity Series p141 • Metal • Nonmetals

  4. Combustion • Complete • Comp + O2 CO2 + H2O • Incomplete • Comp + O2 CO + H2O • Synthesis ( A + B  C) • Element + element  compound • Acid anhydride + water  acid • Base anhydride + water  base • AA + BA  salt • Decomposition (A  B + C) • Acid  AA + water • Base  BA + water • 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2

  5. Carbonates  CO2 + metal oxides (CaCO3  CO2 + CaO) • H2CO3  H2O + CO2 • H2SO3  H2O + SO2 • NH4OH  H2O + NH3 • Binary Compound  element + element • 2H2O2  2H2O + O2 • Red – ox (oxidation reduction)these totally suck and will come back around chapter 20. • Oxidation • Gain in oxidation number • Loses electrons • Is a reducing agent • Reduction • Reduced in oxidation number • Gains electrons • Is an oxidizing agent • Net Ionic Equations • Spectator Ions LEO - GER

  6. 4.5 Concentrations of Solutions Sample 4.11 How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to make 0.350 liter of 0.500 M Na2SO4?

  7. 4.5 Concentrations of Solutions Sample 4.11 How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to make 0.350 liter of 0.500 M Na2SO4?

  8. Dilutions Sample 4.12

  9. 4.6 Solution Stoichiometry • Sample 4.13 • Titrations (don’t forget your magic! Except you have no idea what I’m talking about, this being only chapter 4. Aww, I bet you still think you’re going to pass the AP Exam, don’t you?) • Standard solution – known concentration • Equivalence point – Stoichiometry equivalent • Acid-base-indicators – solution that is one color in acid solution and another in basic solution • End point- color change MOLES OF ACID = MOLES OF BASE @ EQUIVALENCE POINT

  10. Sample 4.15

  11. THE END This PowerPoint was made by the dutiful David Drewry. Lilly made the soul crushing commentary.

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