1 / 18

Cell Chemistry (II)

Cell Chemistry (II). Functional groups Monosaccharides & Disaccharides Metabolism: Anabolic & Catabolic. KNOW & Be Able to Draw & Identify These Functional Groups. Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Metabolism Anabolic Catabolic Synthesis. 7. Enzyme 8. Cellular respiration 9. Enzyme

lorna
Télécharger la présentation

Cell Chemistry (II)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell Chemistry (II) Functional groups Monosaccharides & Disaccharides Metabolism: Anabolic & Catabolic

  2. KNOW & Be Able to Draw & Identify These Functional Groups

  3. Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Metabolism Anabolic Catabolic Synthesis 7. Enzyme 8. Cellular respiration 9. Enzyme 10. Oxidation 11. Reduction Dehydration synthesis Hydrolysis Understand Meaning/Significance of Key Terms

  4. Know Significance of These Electrolytes in Physiology • H+ • HCO3- • Fe2+ • I- • Ca2+

  5. Significance of Carbohydrates in Physiology Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

  6. Composition of Carbohydrates • All of them, mono-, di- and poly- contain the elements C, H and O • The ratio of C:H:O is 1:2:1 or Cn(H2O)n OR CnH2nOn where “n” may be 5, 6 or … • If n=5 then a monosaccharide will most likely have the formula C5H10O5

  7. Classes/Categories of Carbohydrates • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Polysaccharides • Examples of each?

  8. Monosaccharides • Examples of monosaccharides • Glucose • Fructose • Galactose • They each have 6C, therefore called hexoses • What would be the chemical formula for each one? • Looking at the structural formula for Glucose, Would you expect it to be: • Hydrophilic? OR • Hydrophobic?

  9. Significance of Monosaccharides in Physiology • They are fuels • Body cells “burn” or “Oxidize” these fuels in order to extract from them ENERGY • Cells burn fuels by a process called: • “Cellular Respiration” • A general formula for “cellular respiration” • Fuel+ nO2 nCO2 + nH2O + Energy • Energy will be in the form of • Heat plus a chemical called nATP • By what process do monosaccharides get into/out of cells? (Study Guyton Ch.4)

  10. Disaccharides • Examples of disaccharides • Sucrose • Lactose • Maltose • Composition of sucrose • Glucose + Fructose joined by a glycosidic bond • Composition of Lactose • Glucose + Galactose joined by a glycosidic bond • Compsition of Maltose • Glucose + Glucose joined by what?

  11. Dehydration Synthesis • The type of chemical reaction by which disaccharides are produced is called: Dehydration synthesis • Formation of covalent bond requires participation of an enzyme and consumes energy • Questions? • Is dehydration synthesis an example of anabolic or catabolic metabolism? • Does it consume or yield energy?

  12. Significance of Disaccharides in Physiology • We get them in our diet when we • drink milk or malt, • or eat sugar cane or use table sugar or run on “Dunkin” • They are synthesized by cells BUT there are no mechanism/process by which they can enter body cells • So what happens to disaccharide when we consume them? (Study Guyton Ch. 65 p789-93; p793-97)

  13. Metabolism • All chemical reactions that occur in cells Examples: Dehydration Synthesis, Hydrolysis plus those in metabolic pathways (glycolysis & Krebs Cycle) • Types of metabolism • Anabolic • Catabolic • Anabolic: • For building up big and complex molecules • i.e., anabolic steroids are consumed by weight lifters • Catabolic: For breaking down big and complex molecule into simpler ones

  14. Anabolic vs Catabolic Metabolism • Anabolic • Net consumption of energy • Covalent bonds are synthesized • Example:??? • Catabolic metabolism • Net yield of energy • Covalent bonds are broken • Example:??? • Both require participation of enzymes

  15. Anabolic vs Catabolic Metabolism: Illustrated (Marieb, Ch. 3) Which one illustrates catabolic metabolism: a, b or c?

  16. Dehydration Synthesis vsHydrolysis (Marieb, Ch. 2)

  17. Glycogen: A Polysaccharide What monosaccharide is the building block for glycogen?

  18. Cell Chemistry II THE END

More Related