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Mobilizing the Nation: U.S. Homefront Strategies during World War I (1914-1920)

During World War I, the U.S. government undertook significant measures to mobilize the nation for war from 1914 to 1920. This included financing the war through Liberty and Victory bonds, implementing food and fuel conservation strategies, and coordinating industry regulation. Propaganda campaigns promoted public support, while wartime agencies maintained production standards and managed resources. Herbert Hoover's Food Administration led efforts to conserve supplies and boost agricultural output. The structured collaboration between government and industry redefined the economy during this pivotal era.

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Mobilizing the Nation: U.S. Homefront Strategies during World War I (1914-1920)

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  1. World War I: The War At Home 1914-1920

  2. Mobilizing the Nation • Wilson mobilized the U.S. • Programs to finance the war, conserve scarce resources, & redirect industry & labor • Propaganda for support & intolerance of antiwar

  3. Directing the Economy • Economy had to reorganized • Raising $= eventually cost $35 billion • Raised $ w/ Liberty bonds & Victory bonds • Promotion each issue= Huge success • taxes on business & large personal incomes • $10 billion for the war

  4. Directing the Economy • Coordinating the actions of gov’t& business w/ war boards • Never took complete control • Set prices & production of supplies & regulated businesses

  5. Conserving Resources • Fed. war boards= Food Admin. & Fuel Admin.- regulated the production & supply • Herbert Hoover= Food Admin. • food production & conserved existing supplies • Guaranteed farmers high prices= production

  6. Conserving Resources • Reduce consumption= effective • Wheat less & meatless days • “Victory gardens” • Harry Garfield= Fuel Admin. • Heatless Mondays • 1918, closed factories east of the Mississippi River for

  7. Organizing Industry • 100s of boards regulated production & distribution • RR Admin. reorganized by setting limits= rates & wages • Coordinated by War Industries Board (WIB) • Allocated scarce materials, production priorities, & prices

  8. Organizing Industry • Critical of programs • Intervention would damage the U.S. system of free enterprise • Profits soared= critics stopped

  9. Quick Review • What did the U.S. government do to finance the war? • How was the Food & Fuel Administration successful? • What happened to industry as a result of President Wilson’s programs?

  10. Activity: Promo Commercial • Create a promotional commercial describing the government’s efforts to prepare the nation for war • Promote a specific effort or several, up to you • Informative & Entertaining • Use a rubric

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