Please contact me if you have any questions about my lecture. Leslie Vosshall leslie@mail.rockefeller.edu April 3, 2006

1. Please contact me if you have any questions about my lecture. Leslie Vosshall leslie@mail.rockefeller.edu April 3, 2006

2. Pheromones & Animal Behavior Leslie B. Vosshall

3. Joanna Spencer Adria Le Boeuf April 3: Lecture (PPT available this afternoon) http://njc.rockefeller.edu/BN2006.php April 10: Presentations (PDFs available April 4) http://njc.rockefeller.edu/Vosshall.php

4. David Michael Stoddart The Scented Ape : The Biology and Culture of Human Odour Tristram Wyatt Pheromones and Animal Behaviour $50 $37 Suggested Reading

5. Social Cues

6. Formula for the perfect social signal: • Cheap to transmit • Cheap to receive • Discreet • Selective • Effective in the dark/barriers • Long-range • Long-lasting • Easy homing/identification

7. VISUAL

8. http://www.wildsong.demon.co.uk/LR/listening.html AUDIO http://www.bentler.us/eastern-washington/insects/snd/crickets.wav

9. cockroach sex pheromone CHEMICAL Brennan & Keverne, Curr.Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)

10. What is a Pheromone? ”defined chemical signal between members of the same species, eliciting a particular behavior or physiological change...”

11. Broader Definition: Pheromones ”any chemical signal conveying information between members of the same species” Recognition of Individuals or Kin:Differences between signals essential

12. Pheromones Health and Fitness Mate Choice/ Sexual Selection Mate Selection to Avoid Incest/Genetic Relatedness Sexual Maturation Successful Fertilization (Aquatic Animals) Kin Recognition Caste and Reproductive Status (Social Animals) Menstrual Synchrony Maternal-Infant Bonding Infant Suckling—Nipple Recognition Dominance Hierarchy Aggression Territory and Trail Marking Deception (Plant->Animal) Deception (Animal->Animal) Aggregation Intruder Alarm

13. Semiochemicals: Infochemicals Pheromones: Within species Sender + Receiver + Allelochemicals: Between species Synomones: Sender + Receiver + Kairomones: Sender - Receiver + Allomones: Sender + Receiver -

14. Primer Pheromones Wyatt Book

15. Evolution of Pheromones Wyatt Book

16. Pheromones – Odor Imprinting Wyatt Book

17. Pheromones and behavior (phenomenology)

18. Silkmoth Bombyx mori

20. Sex (Releaser) Pheromones

21. Mate Quality: Courtship Pheromones monocrotaline pyrrolizidine alkaloids hydroxydanaidal Wyatt Book

22. Pheromones-Dominance Hierarchy

23. Aggregation pheromone—Desert Locust

24. Aggregation Pheromones: Barnacles Wyatt Book

25. Ant caste determination

26. Primer pheromones-Termites Wyatt Book

27. Dauer pheromones-C.elegans High Density/Limiting Food

28. Alarm Pheromones

29. Marking Behavior-Mara rodent Wyatt Book

30. Marking Behavior-desert ant

31. Trail Marking-leaf cutter ant

32. Marking, Territorial Behavior-Badger Wyatt Book

33. Mimicry: Pheromones Subverted for Deception Australian orchid D. glyptodon traps male Z.Trilobatus wasps Bolas spiders vs. moths

34. Mate Quality: MHC

35. Models for the MHC Effect 1. The MHC molecule hypothesis (MHC fragments in urine and sweat) 2. The peptide hypothesis (MHC peptide metabolites in urine) 3. The microflora hypothesis (MHC shapes allele-specific populations of commensal microbes) 4. The carrier hypothesis (MHC carries volatile aromatics, including those produced by bacteria) 5. The peptide-microbe hypothesis (MHC alters odor by restricting peptides available to commensal bacteria)

36. Coolidge Effect (Remating with arrival of new potential mate) Bruce Effect (Pregnancy block when exposed to foreign male) Vandenbergh Effect (Males accelerate puberty in young females) Whitten Effect (Males induce oestrus in adult females) Lee-Boot Effect (Group-housed females show suppressed oestrus; oestrus synchronized by contact with males)

37. The Coolidge Effect One day President and Mrs. Coolidge were visiting a government farm. Soon after their arrival they were taken off on separate tours. When Mrs. Coolidge passed the chicken pens she paused to ask the man in charge if the rooster copulates more than once each day. "Dozens of times" was the reply. "Please tell that to the President," Mrs. Coolidge requested. When the President passed the pens and was told about the rooster, he asked "Same hen everytime?" "Oh no, Mr. President, a different one each time." The President nodded slowly, then said "Tell that to Mrs. Coolidge."

38. Vandenbergh Effect (Males accelerate puberty in young females) Whitten Effect (Males induce oestrus in adult females) Lee-Boot Effect (Group-housed females show suppressed oestrus; oestrus synchronized by contact with males)

39. Pheromone chemistry

40. Where do pheromones come from? Urine Sweat Tears Other glands…

41. Pheromone-Producing Glands-Insects Wyatt Book

42. Pheromone-Producing Glands-Mammals Wyatt Book

43. Manduca sexta female pheromone blend

44. Sex Pheromones Wyatt Book

45. Schaal et al., Nature 424, 68-72 , 2003

46. Lin et al., Nature 434, 470 - 477, 2005

47. bombykol bombykal

48. C. elegans dauer pheromone (- )-6R-(3'R, 5'R-dihydroxy-6'S-methyltetrahydro-pyran-2'R-yloxy) heptanoic acid Jeong et al., Nature433:541, 2005.

49. Pheromone reception (neural circuitry)

50. Olfaction vs. Pheromone Perception (vertebrates)