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www.wahidinstitute.org

Contemporary Indonesia:

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    1. www.wahidinstitute.org

    3. Indonesia MAP

    4. Facts:1. Indonesia has pluralistic ethnicities and religions and believes, not only the big religions but also indigenous. Also migrants as Arabic, Chinese and Indian. 2. Indonesia is a big country in term of area of the country and has a population more than 235 millions. They are spreading on the some islands. 3. We see (the map of Indonesia), Indonesia is an islands country. There are more than 17.000 islands in Indonesia, larges and smalls. About 5 hundreds of those have not been named. There are five big islands, Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua.

    5. Ethnic composition in Indonesia Indonesia has at least 11 the ethnic majors: 1. Java 41.71%; 2. Melayu 3.45%; 3. Batak 3.02%; 4. Minangkabau 2.72%; 5. Betawi 2.51%; 6. Bugis 2.49%; 7. Banten 2.05%; 8. Banjar 1.74%; 9. Bali 1.51%; 10. Sasak 1.30%; 11. Makasar 0.99%; 12. Cirebon 0.94%; 13. Tionghoa 0.86%; 14. Gorontalo 0.48%; 15. Aceh 0.43%; 15. Toraja 0.37%; 16. Others 14.66% (Leo et al; 2003)

    6. Religious composition in Indonesia Indonesia has 6 religion majors 1. Islam 88.22%; 2. Christianity (Protestant and Catholic) 7.39%; 3. Hindu 1.94%; 4. Budha 0.92%; 5. Konghucu 0.82%; 6. others 1.42% (indigenous believes). (Leo et all., 2003)

    11. Indonesia in Context of Changing 1997 ? Soeharto, military and authoritarianism of New Order was collapse: democratization and decentralization: A. in Positive side: - Constitution amendment ? toward human rights and citizenship guarantee Multiparty system ? more leadership and open public sphere Military out from the political daily 20 % of national and local budget for education Decentralization ? open mobilization and more justice Open competition for leadership ? direct election, national and local

    12. Reassertion of guarantees of equality of all citizens of all groups, as well as the guarantee of human rights through various sections in the constitution (verse 0f 28 of Constituion, UUD 1945). 1. “Everyone has the right to secure equal opportunity in the government. Everyone has the right to citizenship status.” (verse 28D).  

    16. There were 48 political parties in 1999 election:

    17. There were 24 in 2004 election: Big seven: Secularists: 1. Partai Golongan Karya 21,58% 2. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan 18,53% 3. Partai Demokrat 7,45% Islam Nationalists: 1. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa 10,57% 2. Partai Amanat Nasional 6,44% Islamists: 1. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera 7,34% 2. Partai Persatuan Pembangunan 8,15% There are 38 political parties in next 2009 election

    18. Democracy ? Justice Economic redistribution: 70 : 30 of tax for local and national government Decentralization: parliament election (local and national); DPD (Regional Representative Council – SENAT); direct election for president & local government ? managed by KPU (General Election Commission) Open mobilization and more justice 20 percent of the national and local budget for education program Public sphere, civil society and anti corruption, and leadership competition Freedom of expression (media)

    19. Building of the Commission on Combating Corruption (KPK) and Special Court for Anti Corruption (TIPIKIOR)

    21. Prabowo Subianto, Susilo bambang Yudoyono (the Presiden), Sutiyoso, Wiranto, Slamet Krisbiantoro Prabowo Subianto, Susilo bambang Yudoyono (the Presiden), Sutiyoso, Wiranto, Slamet Krisbiantoro

    27. Collective violences There was tragedy in first of June 2008 which were the radical Muslim groups attacked the peace rally for celebrating Pancasila birth day at the national monumentThere was tragedy in first of June 2008 which were the radical Muslim groups attacked the peace rally for celebrating Pancasila birth day at the national monument

    28. Recommendation

    30. Islamic groups map Progressive movement (small groups) ? democracy, human rights, pluralism, tolerance, women equality Conservative and fundamentalist (small group but vocal) ? Islamist, anti western, anti secular, dogmatic: public forum, media, tension and violence Silent majority ? depend on influence and approach (very very big in term of number)

    31. NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) Muhammadiyah Many new Islamic organizations in general are Islamists Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), Defender Islamic Front (FPI).

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