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Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile

Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile. GEOGRAPHY OF THE NILE VALLEY. If no Nile, then no Egypt swallowed up by the deserts +deserts protect from invasion : ) -limit settlement : ( BLACK LAND = rich, irrigated, ~10 miles wide RED LAND = sun-baked desert across N. Africa +use Nile Valley for farming.

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Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile

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  1. Ancient Kingdomsof the Nile

  2. GEOGRAPHY OFTHE NILE VALLEY • If no Nile, then no Egypt • swallowed up by the deserts +deserts protect from invasion : ) -limit settlement : ( BLACK LAND = rich, irrigated, ~10 miles wide RED LAND = sun-baked desert across N. Africa +use Nile Valley for farming

  3. Yearly Floods • people eagerly awaited • life-giving water • deposits of silt • needed to control floods • dikes, reservoirs, irrigations ditches, etc • store excess for dry season

  4. Uniting the Land • 2 regions • Upper (south) • From 1st cataract to about 100 miles of Mediterranean Sea • Lower (north) • Delta region • King Menes united the 2 regions, 3100BC • Used Nile as highway to link north & south • Officials & armies could be moved via river • Nile = Egypt world’s 1st unified state • Served as trade route to Africa, Middle East, Mediterranean world

  5. OLD KINGDOM(2700BC-2200BC) • Government • pharaohs organized strong centralized state • claimed divine support for rule • believed to be a god • absolute power over all land in kingdom • preserve justice & order • depend on vizier to supervise business of gov’ts various dept: tax, farming, irrigation • scribes carry out viziers instructions • Ptah-hotep • wrote “Instruction of Ptah-hotep” • training for young officials

  6. Pyramids • built during this time • still stand @ Giza • tombs for eternity due to belief in the afterlife • suggest size and strength of ancient Egyptian civilization • VERY COSTLY • require great planning and organization • Collapse • power struggles • crop failures • cost of pyramids

  7. MIDDLE KINGDOM2050BC-1800BC • turbulent period -Nile did not rise regularly -corruption and rebellions common +large drainage project, more farming land +occupied Nubia +trade with people of Middle East & Crete -/+Hyksos—foreign invaders, 1700BC *Egyptians awed by horse-drawn chariots & Egyptians mastered new military technology *Hyksos impressed by Egyptian civilz and adopted some of customs, beliefs, languages

  8. NEW KINGDOM1550BC-1100BC • drove out Hyksos • powerful ambitious pharaohs • brought into greater contact with western Asia & other parts of Africa • Powerful Rulers • Hatshepsut, woman ruler who exercised all the rights of a pharaoh • Ramses II, most powerful pharaoh of NK • after years of fighting Hittites & Egyptians signed a peace treaty, first document known to have survived history “shall be at peace and brotherhood forever”

  9. EGYPT & NUBIA • area that developed to the south of Egypt • a.k.a. the Kush • Egypt fought or traded with Nubia for centuries • under Ramses II used gold from Nubia to pay for charioteers in army, Nubians served in Egyptian armies, left mark on Egyptian culture • as Egypt declined, Nubia regained independence, Nubian kings marched north, adding Egypt to their lands • Nubians saw themselves not as foreign conquerors but as restorers of Egyptian glory, ruled Egypt like early pharaohs respecting Egyptian traditions • Assyrians descended on Egypt & pushed Nubians back

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