1 / 12

Enhancing Memory: Applications of Craik & Lockhart's Levels of Processing Theory

Explore the concept of encoding in memory through Craik & Lockhart's Levels of Processing Theory. Discover elaboration techniques to link new stimuli with existing knowledge, like associating "tea" with your favorite drink. Learn the "One Sun" Peg and Link System for remembering lists by creating vivid mental images, making strange and exaggerated imagery more memorable. Understand Baddeley & Hitch's Working Memory Model, which includes the Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad, and Episodic Buffer, enhancing your capability to process and recall information.

lovey
Télécharger la présentation

Enhancing Memory: Applications of Craik & Lockhart's Levels of Processing Theory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Deeper Encoding And the Working Memory Model

  2. Enriching Encoding • An application of Craik & Lockhart (1972)’s Levels of Processing Theory • Elaboration: Linking stimulus to other information you already know • You remember “tea” because it is your favorite drink • Visual Imagery: Create a mental picture to represent the words • “One Sun” peg and link system

  3. “One Sun” Peg and Link System • First, you memorize the rhyming “Peg” words: • 1=Sun 2=Shoe 3=Tree4=War 5=Hive 6=Sticks7=Heaven 8=Gate 9=Vine10=Hen 0=Hero

  4. “One Sun” Peg and Link System • Then, you “link” each word you want to remember to the appropriate peg by creating a vivid mental image • Example: if your first word is “bread”, you can imagine bread being burnt to a crisp by a giant, hot, yellow sun • Weird, exaggerated images are more memorable • Do the same for every item on the list

  5. “One Sun” Peg and Link System • Try it! To remind you, the peg words are: • 1=Sun 2=Shoe 3=Tree4=War 5=Hive 6=Sticks7=Heaven 8=Gate 9=Vine10=Hen 0=Hero • The stimulus words you should try to remember are: • Sled, yellow, run, happy, boat, junior, idea, clumsy, short, moon

  6. “One Sun” Peg and Link System • How many of the 10 words can you remember? • According to Paivio (1986), this works because imagery provides a second kind of memory code, and 2 codes are better than one • We can encode information visually (by images), acoustically (by sounds), and semantically (by meaning)

  7. Working Memory Model • Baddeley & Hitch (1974) believed that Short Term Memory was too vague and inaccurate • Their Working Memory Model replaces STM with “working memory” • Combines the idea of STM with the mental processes that control the use of information • 4 main components: Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad, Episodic Buffer

  8. Central Executive • Makes decisions about what is important • Guides your attention • Can pull information from LTM • Supervises perception, thought, and action • See Rubenstein study in multitasking article

  9. Phonological Loop • Replays an audio copy of information in your mind • Can only hold a limited amount of information for a limited time • Similar to a tape recorder • “It’s like my IPod’s stuck on replay (replay)”

  10. Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad • Similar to the phonological loop, but for visual information • Temporary stores images and allows you to visualize moving/changing images • Example: a flip book is a series of still images that stay in your visuo-spatial sketchpad and allow you to see them together as one moving image • Evidence: Sperling (1960)/PsychSim Iconic Memory

  11. Episodic Buffer • Combines elements from the other 3 components • Allows you to put information together into recognizable events or patterns

  12. Case studies: Clive Wearing and HM • What specific parts of their memories work properly? • What specific parts of their memories are faulty?

More Related