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SFIC Progress Report: McGill University and UCLA

SFIC Progress Report: McGill University and UCLA. Tom áš Paus. Santa Fe, May 2004. Teenage brain: Work in progress. Brain weight. Corpus callosum. Broca-Wernicke pathway. Visual pathway. TP. Santa Fe Institute Consortium. GOAL

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SFIC Progress Report: McGill University and UCLA

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  1. SFIC Progress Report: McGill University and UCLA Tomáš Paus Santa Fe, May 2004

  2. Teenage brain: Work in progress Brain weight Corpus callosum Broca-Wernicke pathway Visual pathway TP

  3. Santa Fe Institute Consortium GOAL Mapping variations in structure-function relationships during childhood and adolescence SAMPLES 160 infants (80/site), recruited at 6 months, followed for 5 yr 160 children (80/site), recruited at 10 yr, followed for 5 yr DOMAINS Overall cognitive and academic abilities, language, and social cognition TOOLS Structural and functional MRI, 128-channel electroencephalography, psychometrics, psychophysics & neuropsychology, questionnaires TP

  4. Santa Fe Institute Consortium: Design overview Datasets fMRI: Language, Social cognition EEG: Rest + Auditory Oscillations + Language ERP MRI: T1W, T2W, PDW, MT WISC-III, Acad skills, Lang, Memory, Exec, Emotion Screen, 4-H questions, CBCL, HOME, sex horm TP

  5. Santa Fe Institute Consortium: Schedule Recruitment Telephone Screening 20 min Consent forms, Audio exam, Reading test, Questionnaires Day 0 90 min Standard npsych tests, Computer-based tests, aMRI Day 1 5 hours EEG, saliva, fMRI, computer-based tests Day 2 5 hours

  6. Structure-function: Literacy Literacy (Woodcock-Johnson) FORMANT TRANSITION Phonology (Nonword Reading) e.g. mafreatsun “ba” “da” ƒ Auditory sensitivity (FM threshold) aMRI fMRI EEG TP

  7. Structure-function: Empathy Empathy (Youth E. Scale) Runner test (accelerated breathing) aMRI PMC AIP fMRI TP

  8. Recruitment McGill • Mass mailings via Info Canada (72 calls) • Advertisement in local newspaper (Montreal Families; 39 calls) • School visits and mailings (25 calls) N=180 calls UCLA • Mass mailings via Info U.S.A. (8 calls) • Fliers at the UCLA campus, YMCA, etc. (15 calls) • School visit and summer camps (7 calls)

  9. Recruitment: Class visits When asked "Can anyone tell me anything at all about the brain?": "That's where your smarts are." "I heard when you freeze it, and the ice melts, it looks like a pile of spaghetti." "The brain has two parts and they're called hemispheres..." "Your brain holds your memories." The most ooohs and ahhhs came from: Hearing they'd get a $50 gift certificate "even if I fail??" Hearing there parents would get $100 "even if I just have one parent?" Seeing pictures of the EEG and the MRI. Hearing that they'd get pictures of their brains. Hearing they'd get to meet cool scientists like us!! Concerns they had: "Do I have to take my piercing out for the MRI?" "Is it dark in the MRI?  Is someone else there with me?" "Can my friends come with me?" "Can my whole family come?" “Why can't 11 year olds do it.  That's not fair!

  10. Enrollment McGill UCLA 7 candidates passed telephone interview and are scheduled

  11. McGill sample: 5 C Confidence Competence Character Caring Connection Positive Youth Dev

  12. McGill sample: IQ distribution Mean: 114; SD:11; n=29

  13. Structure-function: Literacy Literacy (Woodcock-Johnson) FORMANT TRANSITION Phonology (Nonword Reading) e.g. mafreatsun “ba” “da” ƒ Auditory sensitivity (FM threshold) aMRI fMRI EEG TP

  14. Computational analysis of MR images White-matter Density Tissue Classification “Native” MRI Registered MRI Segmentation Cerebral sulci Deformation field Cortical thickness

  15. Sex differences in white-matter density Paus 1999 (111 children, age effect) SFIC (11 females>14 males)

  16. Structure-function: Literacy Literacy (Woodcock-Johnson) FORMANT TRANSITION Phonology (Nonword Reading) e.g. mafreatsun “ba” “da” ƒ Auditory sensitivity (FM threshold) aMRI fMRI EEG TP

  17. Temporal - Spectral Spectral - Temporal Hemispheric asymmetry in sound processing: fMRI. Zatorre & Belin, Cerebral Cortex, 2001

  18. 8 8 4 12 Hemispheric asymmetry in sound processing: fMRI. Temporal vs. Standard Spectral vs. Standard L R L R Adults n=19 7.93 6.07 6.92 9.19

  19. 8 8 4 12 8 8 8 4 Hemispheric asymmetry in sound processing: fMRI. Temporal vs. Standard Spectral vs. Standard L R L R Adults n=19 7.93 6.07 6.92 9.19 L R L R Children n=27 8.14 6.41 5.82 6.95

  20. Neural Correlates of Word Segmentation During Artificial Language Learning • Subjects listen to 3 streams of continuous speech (2min 24sec each) • 2 Artificial Languages where 12 syllables are first arranged in 4 tri-syllabic words which are then randomly concatenated • Stressed Language Condition: Statistical + Speech Cues (transitional probabilities + stress on word-initial syllables) pabikudaropitibudogolatudaropipabikugolatutibudodaropigolatu… • Unstressed Language Condition: Statistical cues only (transitional probabilities) pabikudaropitibudogolatudaropipabikugolatutibudodaropigolatu… • 1 Control Condition where 12syllables are arranged in random order with no 3-syllable string occurring more than 2x • Random Syllables Condition: No statistical or prosodic cues tudaburogopitutiburodotitubukubilagododabiparodogopibibugola…

  21. Language: Statistical learning Adults; n=12 (19 yr to 44yr)

  22. Structure-function: Literacy Literacy (Woodcock-Johnson) FORMANT TRANSITION Phonology (Nonword Reading) e.g. mafreatsun “ba” “da” ƒ Auditory sensitivity (FM threshold) aMRI fMRI EEG TP

  23. Auditory-driven oscillations: EEG Steady-state response FM1 FM2 Resonant frequency Picton 2003 TP

  24. Auditory-driven oscillations: Resonant frequency Vector-average amplitude mean peak frequency mean peak frequency

  25. Auditory-driven oscillations: Steady-state EEG response Adults Children tone onset FM onset

  26. Structure-function: Literacy Literacy (Woodcock-Johnson) FORMANT TRANSITION Phonology (Nonword Reading) e.g. mafreatsun “ba” “da” ƒ Auditory sensitivity (FM threshold) aMRI fMRI EEG TP

  27. Grey matter density and FM threshold Left Heschl’s gyrus r=-0.76; p<0.01 TP

  28. EEG Oscillations and Spelling r=-0.44, p=0.04

  29. Structure-function: Empathy Empathy (Youth E. Scale) Runner test (accelerated breathing) aMRI PMC AIP fMRI TP

  30. Eyes Lips Social cognition: Non-verbal peer-peer interactions Motor resonance & Empathy TP

  31. Functional MRI: Observation of Hand actions & Facial expressions Hand actions PMC AIP Facial expressions STS TP

  32. Functional MRI: Observation of Hand actions Ventral Premotor Anterior Intra Parietal Dorsal Premotor 55 16 8 -34 -44 50 -24 -9 64 Adults n=22 6.5 6.9 t=6.0

  33. Functional MRI: Observation of Hand actions Ventral Premotor Anterior Intra Parietal Dorsal Premotor 55 16 8 -34 -44 50 -24 -9 64 Adults n=22 6.5 6.9 t=6.0 Children n=27 t=5.7

  34. Functional MRI: Observation of Hand actions Ventral Premotor Anterior Intra Parietal Dorsal Premotor 55 16 8 -34 -44 50 -24 -9 64 Adults n=22 6.5 6.9 t=6.0 Children n=27 5.1 t=5.7

  35. Functional MRI: Observation of Hand actions Ventral Premotor Anterior Intra Parietal Dorsal Premotor 55 16 8 -34 -44 50 -24 -9 64 Adults n=22 6.5 6.9 t=6.0 Children n=27 5.1 2.8 t=5.7

  36. Functional MRI: Imitation of facial expressions Happy Angry Neutral Sad Fearful

  37. LOFC LOFC Amygdala Anterior Insula Functional MRI: Imitation of facial expressions Children; n=27

  38. Teenage brain: Work in progress Brain weight Corpus callosum Broca-Wernicke pathway Visual pathway TP

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