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Development of Indus River Valley Civilization

Importance of ideological control of a populace. Development of Indus River Valley Civilization. INDUS RIVER VALLEY. IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHY. Protected by mtns to the north Dependent on monsoons for their weather (monsoon = seasonal wind) Indus River was very unpredictable.

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Development of Indus River Valley Civilization

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  1. Importance of ideological control of a populace Development of Indus River Valley Civilization

  2. INDUS RIVER VALLEY

  3. IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHY • Protected by mtns to the north • Dependent on monsoons for their weather • (monsoon = seasonal wind) • Indus River was very unpredictable

  4. HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION(emerged around 2600 BC) EARLIEST EXAMPLE OF INDIAN CULTURE URBAN SOCIETY – VERY COMPLEX NO LARGE MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE (NO EVIDENCE OF PALACES OR TEMPLES) FIRST INDOOR SANITATION SYSTEMS STANDARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES BY 1700 BC, THEY HAD DISAPPEARED

  5. HARAPPA

  6. MOHENJA - DARO

  7. SOAPSTONE TRADING SEALS

  8. OTHER INDIAN CULTURES • CEMETERY H CULTURE(cremation, breakdown of trade networks) • GANDHARA CULTURE(terracotta figurines, simple dot designs) • OCHRE COLOURED POTTERY CULTURE(may be the last remains of Harappan culture or entirely separate – who knows?)

  9. Cemetery h culture Ochre coloured pottery

  10. GANDHARA

  11. VEDIC PERIOD • EMERGED AROUND 1700 BC • ASSOCIATED WITH THE ARYAN INVASIONS OF INDIA • VEDAS WERE THEIR SACRED LITERATURE • ARYANS - tall, light skinned, different language, no writing, heroic gods, wealth = cows • DASAS – dark skinned, town dwellers, life-giving gods

  12. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CASTES Brahmins(priests) - MOUTH Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors) – ARMS Vaishyas (peasants and traders) – LEGS Shudras (laborers) – FEET “Untouchables” Made impure because of their work (grave diggers, butchers, trash collectors)

  13. BRAHMINS KSHATRIYAS VAISHYAS SHUDRAS UNTOUCHABLES (NOT PICTURED)

  14. Empires of the Indian Sub-continent

  15. Mauryan Empire (321 – 184 BC) • Chandragupta Maurya • Raised a large army due to heavy taxes • Defeated the Macedonians and united the Indian subcontinent by the age of 20 • Bureaucracy – modeled after the Persians • Asoka • Devout Buddhist – promoted religion & tolerance • Benevolent ruler • Extensive public works builder (roads, rest stops)

  16. Extent of Chandragupta’s Power

  17. Gupta Empire (AD 320 – 535) • Founded by Chandra Gupta I who was not related to Chandragupta Maurya • 1st three emperors of this empire saw great achievements in art, literature, and religion • The Guptas extended control to the western coast of India, thus enabling maritime trade with the Mediterranean

  18. Indian Culture • Writing academies • Traveling drama groups • Astronomy • Seven day week • Invented zero and calculated pi (π) • Middlemen along the Silk Road • Rise in banking

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