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Periods of British Lit

Periods of British Lit. Celtic > 50BC Preliterate, pagan Roman 50BC – 450AD Caesar, infrastructure, Latin Anglo-Saxon 450 – 1066 Angle-land, kingdoms, Latin, Old Eng. Medieval 1066 – 1485 Normans, French, Middle English Renaissance 1485 – 1660 Rebirth, humanist, intellectual

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Periods of British Lit

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  1. Periods of British Lit • Celtic > 50BC Preliterate, pagan • Roman 50BC – 450AD Caesar, infrastructure, Latin • Anglo-Saxon 450 – 1066 Angle-land, kingdoms, Latin, Old Eng. • Medieval 1066 – 1485 Normans, French, Middle English • Renaissance 1485 – 1660 Rebirth, humanist, intellectual • Elizabethan 1558 – 1603 Spencer, Marlowe, Sydney, Shakes, Bacon • Jacobean 1603 – 1649 Kings James/Charles, Donne, Cavaliers • Puritan 1649 – 1660 No fun, Cromwell dictator, Milton, Bunyan • Restoration 1660 – 1702 Fire, plague, first novels • 18th Century 1702 – 1798 Enlightenment/Reason, non-fiction • Romantic 1798 – 1832 Anti-Enlightenment, Lyrical Ballads • Victorian 1832 – 1914 First Reform Law, Scott’s death • 20th Century 1914 > Anything goes, Modernism, wars

  2. Anglo Saxon (450-1066) • Beowulf: • British epic about what makes a good warrior, king, Anglo-Saxon values, good and evil • Historical Beowulf ~500 AD, told ~800, written ~1000 in Old English/Anglo-Saxon • All translations from same source document • Bede: 673-735 History of the English Church and People (Caedmon of Whitby) • Alfred: d.899 King committed to writing in vernacular versus Latin

  3. Medieval (1066-1485) • Chretien d’Troyes: late 12th century, Arthurian Romances (Yvain), French • Lion in Winter: modern play about Henry II and his family in 1185, eve of crusades • Chaucer: d.1400, Canterbury Tales, Middle English, frame story was to contain 120 tales (Prologue, Knight’s, Pardoner’s, Reeve’s, Wife of Bath’s) • Malory: d.1471, Morte d’Arthur, collected stories of Arthurian legend, PROSE!, sets forth English stance on chivalry, national character

  4. Renaissance (1485-1660) • Henry VII – VIII, Edward, Mary • Columbus, Cabot • Thomas More (Man for All Seasons, Utopia) • Luther, Reformation, Church of England • Sonnets introduced • Elizabethan (1558-1603) • Jacobean (1603-1649) reigns of James I and Charles I • Puritan (1649-1660) English civil war resulted in Cromwell as a military dictator)

  5. Elizabethan (1558-1603) • Spenser – Fairie Queen • Marlowe – Playwright, Faust • Sydney – Sonneteer, Defense of Poesy, Astrophel and Stella • Shakespeare • Francis Bacon – Novum Organum, Of Studies

  6. Jacobean (1603-1648) • John Donne • Early period: conceits, love poems, To a Flea • Middle period: to his wife, compass conceit • Late period: metaphysical, Death Be Not Proud, No Man Is an Island, Ask Not for Whom the Bell Rings • Herbert – Metaphysical poet • Andrew Marvell – between metaphysical poets and cavaliers • Tribe of Ben (Jonson) • Cavalier poets: Suckling, Lovelace, Vaughan

  7. Puritans (1648-1660) • John Milton: goes blind, VERY IMPORTANT • Paradise Lost: English Epic • John Bunyan • Pilgrim’s Progress: Vanity Fair

  8. Restoration/18th Century • Not a lot of fiction, poetry or drama • Age of science: i.e., Newton • Technology: Watt (steam engine) > coal • Age of political science: Locke, Hobbs • Age of history: Gibbon • Biography, dictionary, magazines, philosophy • Age of wit, satire, descriptions of real things, ideas

  9. Restoration/18th Century • John Dryden: • Critic : An Essay of Dramatic Poesy (re: Shakespeare) • Poet: Mac Flecknoe: Scathing lampoon of contemporary poet; Song for St. Cecelia’s Day • Samuel Pepys: Diarist of 17th Century London, in code • Daniel Defoe: Pen for hire • Journal of the Plague Years • Robinson Crusoe • Moll Flanders

  10. Restoration/18th Century • Jonathan Swift: greatest satirist • Gulliver’s Travels: 4 journeys (Lilliputians, Giants, Scientists, Horses) • Modest Proposal (to eat Irish babies) • Addison & Steele: first magazines • Alexander Pope: everything in heroic couplets • Rape of the Lock (mock epic) • Epigrams (hope springs eternal, a little learning is a dangerous thing, to err is human, to forgive divine, fools rush in where angels fear to tread)

  11. Restoration/18th Century • Samuel Johnson: first dictionary, critic, lexicographer, wit • James Boswell: first great biographer • Thomas Grey: poet (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)

  12. Restoration/18th Century Transitional Figures • Robert Burns: National poet of Scotland • To a Mouse • Auld Lang Syne • Sweet Afton • William Blake: Poet, printer, artist, print-maker • Poems of Innocence and Experience • Dante’s Divine Comedy • Milton’s Paradise Lost

  13. Romantic Period (1798-1832) • Begins with Lyrical Ballads • Gothic novels pre-date • Reaction against rationality of Enlightenment • Passion, nature, supernatural, radicalism, REVOLUTION • Ends with First Reform Bill, death of Scott, ascendency of Victoria

  14. Romantic Poets First Generation • William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads! • Tintern Abbey • I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud • Samuel Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads • Rime of the Ancient Mariner • Kubla Khan

  15. Romantic Poets Second Generation • Lord Byron • After Swimming from Sestos to Abydos, She Walks in Beauty, Childe Harold, Don Juan • Percy Shelley: politically radical, communes, free love, married Mary, died young and mysteriously • Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, England in 1819 • John Keats: died very young, very promising • On first Looking into Chapman’s Homer, Bright Star, The Eve of St. Agnes, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn

  16. Romantic Novelists • Walter Scott: started out as a poet, felt he could not be more successful than Byron. Practically invents historical fiction • Ivanhoe • Waverly • Rob Roy • Jane Austen: Comedic novels about class issues/marriage • Pride and Prejudice • Sense and Sensibility • Persuasion • Northanger Abby • Mansfield Park • Mary Shelley: Frankenstein

  17. Victorian Poets • Alfred, Lord Tennyson: poet laureate after Wordsworth • Lady of Shalott, Idylls of the King, Ulysses, Charge of the Light Brigade, In Memoriam • Robert Browning: dramatic monologues (My Last Duchess) • Matthew Arnold: also a critic (Dover Beach) • Thomas Hardy: also a novelist (The Man He Killed, Are You Digging on My Grave?) • Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnets from the Portuguese

  18. Victorian Novelists • Charles Dickens: serialized novels, extremely popular (Great Expectations, Christmas Carol, Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist) • William Thackeray: Rival to Dickens (Vanity Fair) • Charlotte Bronte: Wuthering Heights • Emily Bronte: Jane Eyre • Robert Louis Stevenson: Treasure Island, Kidnapped, Dr. Jeckel and Mr. Hyde • Thomas Hardy: (Three Strangers) Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Return of the Native, Far from the Madding Crowd • George Eliot: (Woman) Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner • Rudyard Kipling: Kim, Just So Stories, Jungle Book • W.H. Hudson: How Green Were My Valleys • Joseph Conrad: (The Lagoon) Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim

  19. Victorian (Other) • Gilbert and Sullivan: operettas (Pirates of Penzance, HMS Pinafore) • Lewis Carroll: children’s trippy fantasy/logic fiction (Alice in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass, The Jabberwocky) • Oscar Wilde: playwright (Importance of Being Ernest), novelist (Portrait of Dorian Grey), short stories (The Canterville Ghost)

  20. 20th Century • George Bernard Shaw: deep comedic plays (Pygmalion, Man and Superman, Major Barbara) • George Orwell: dystopian social criticism (1984, Animal Farm) • Virginia Woolf: Bloomsbury Group: Mrs. Daloway • E.M. Forster: Passage to India, Room with a View • James Joyce: Dubliners, Portrait of the Artist as A young Man, Ulysses, Finnegan’s Wake • Saki: short stories (The Interlopers, Schartz-Metterklume Method)

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