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This chapter explores the evolution of Early Christian art during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE. It highlights the coexistence of monotheistic Christianity with the polytheistic Roman religion, which was solidified after Christianity's legalization by Constantine in 313 CE. Key themes such as Christ as Good Shepherd and the appropriation of Roman symbols are discussed alongside significant artworks, including the mosaics of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo and the sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. The architectural adaptations of Roman basilicas for Christian use also reflect the growing importance of community worship.
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Gardner's Art through the Ages, Concise Edition by Fred Kleiner Chapter Four Early Christianity and Byzantium Prepared by Kelly Donahue-Wallace Randal Wallace University of North Texas
Early Christian Dates and Places: 3rd and 4th centuries CE Rome People: Monotheistic Co-exist with polytheistic Roman religion Christianity legalized by Constantine in 313CE Interior, Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, dedicated 504. Fig. 4-5.
Early Christian Themes: Christ as good shepherd, emperor Old Testament prefigurations Appropriated Roman symbols for new use Forms: Stylized forms, non-illusionistic Conceptual, not optical Miracle of the loaves and fishes mosaic, Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, ca. 504. Fig. 4-9.
Early Christian Painting, Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, early fourth century. Fig. 4-2.
Early Christian Example: Christ as Good Shepherd Old Testament prefiguration, Jonah Orants In catacomb of Christian burials Adapt Roman iconography Painting, Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, early fourth century. Fig. 4-2.
Early Christian Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, ca. 359. Fig. 4-3.
Early Christian Example: Conventionalized, stylized forms like Arch of Constantine Christian disinterest in the body Christ as emperor Old Testament prefiguration New Testament redemption Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, ca. 359. Fig. 4-3.
Early Christian Plan and cutaway, Old Saint Peter’s, begun ca. 319. Fig. 4.4.
Early Christian Example: Adapt Roman basilica for growing congregations Nave, aisles, apse, atrium, narthex On site of Peter’s burial Principle church of Christianity, pope as Peter’s successor Plan and cutaway, Old Saint Peter’s, begun ca. 319. Fig. 4.4.
Early Christian Plan, Santa Costanza, ca. 337-351. Fig. 4-7.
Early Christian Example: Central-plan adopted from Roman art Used for mausoleums, baptisteries, chapels Ambulatory surrounds central domed cylinder Mosaics inside Plan, Santa Costanza, ca. 337-351. Fig. 4-7.
Early Christian Christ as the Good Shepherd mosaic, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, ca. 425. Fig. 4-8.
Early Christian Example: Mosaic, tesserae Plain exterior, colorful interior Art advertises faith Christ as Good Shepherd and emperor Imperial iconography Illusionism Christ as the Good Shepherd mosaic, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, ca. 425. Fig. 4-8.
