The Roaring 20s

1. The Roaring 20s

2. News • Women Gain Rights, Fashion, and Flappers • Prohibition Goes into Effect • Benito Mussolini New Prime Minister of Italy • Mohandas Gandhi Sent to Jail • Hitler and His Beer Hall Putsch • Lucky Lindy and the Spirit of St. Louis • Sacco and Vanzetti Go to Court • Scopes Monkey Trial

3. 1920: 19th Amendment Passed • Suffrage granted to women…Britain follows in 1923 • Matrimonial Clauses Act…Men and Women Equal in Divorce • Women Adopt New Image • Short Hair and Skirts • Archbishop of Naples (Italy) Blames Earthquake on It • Cars Get Electrical Starters…Who Needs a Man Now? • Women Smoke in Public and Wear Cosmetics • Colleges and High Schools Open to Both Genders

4. National News, Vol. 1 Women Gain Rights, Fashion, and Flappers Picketing outside of the White House, suffragettes like Alice Paul were arrested and force-fed when they went on a hunger strike. But after the passage of the 19th Amendment, they had their political beaus.

5. Fashion Fads

6. Betty Boop Take a Hike

7. What Was Womanhood?

8. Were They a Reflection of the Age? • Homes Change with Technology • Entertainment Goes “Wild” • Politics Evolve • It’s the Economy, Stupid

9. Home of the 20s

10. Leisure Time and Entertainment

11. Art Changed

12. Literature of a Lost Generation

13. Arts Roundup • Walt Disney presents Mickey Mouse in Steamboat Willie • Earnest Hemingway publishes The Sun Also Rises • T.S. Elliot writes free-verse poem, The Waste Land • George Gershwin produces Rhapsody in Blue • Charlie Chaplin stars in The Kid • John Barrymore, Douglas Fairbanks, and Mary Pickford to star in flicks. Dr. Jeckel and Mr. Hyde released. The Jazz Singer, first talkie hits the screen. • Europeans Stravinsky, Ravel, Shaw, Huxley, and Joyce redefine music and literature • Oh, yeah. In Harlem, NYC, there was a renaissance among the negro folks

14. The Harlem Renaissance MUSIC ART LITERATURE THEATRE RELIGION POLITICS DANCE

15. Politics Gets Nastier

16. Presidents Are Anti-Heroes Calvin “Silent Cal” Coolidge Warren G Harding Herbert Hoover

17. Tea Pot Dome Scandal

18. Second Wave of the KKK

19. 1915-1923

20. The Response

21. Nativists Oppose Smith in 1924

22. KKK Anti-Immigration Poster

23. Immigrants Take a Beating

26. Red Scare • Anti-Immigrant • Anti-Socialist • Anti-Communist • Anti-Catholic • Anti-Semitic • Anti-Anarchist • Anti-Labor • Anti-Urban

27. Response to WASPs—a fading majority

28. An Appeal to Fear

29. Pseudo-Nationalistic Themes

30. American Protection Association Come ye sons of Uncle Sam, Come join the gallant band. Come unite with us to fight our country’s foe. For our God is with the right. We will conquer by His might, And Slick and wily Jesuit must go. Noble men are in our ranks— We are not a band of cranks— We are not a lot of bigots or of fools. But, ye Roman Catholic hordes, We will buckle on our swords, If you dare to meddle with our public schools. Dare to be an A.P.A. Dare to stand alone. Dare to work for freedom’s cause. Dare to make it known.

31. Excuses, Excuses, Excuses • A. Palmer Mitchell, US Attorney-General prosecutes suspected anti-Americans • Loyalty questioned of any and all Southern and Eastern European immigrants • Stem from Russian Revolution by Bolsheviks (Communists) • US troops tried to restore Romanov family after WWI

32. Economy: From Boom to Bust

33. COSTS OF THE 20s

34. Era of Conspicuous Consumption

35. Prosperity Turned Sour • America fed the world during the Great War • After the War soldiers returned to the fields • American goods were less needed • Prices decreased • Farmers earned less, but had the same expenses • Farmed harder, bought less finished products • Factories laid off workers or closed • City workers has less to spend and repay credit • More closures of factories, banks, and stores

36. Stock Market Crash—October 29, 1929

37. The Government is Laissez Faire

38. Then Mother Nature Attacks The Dust Bowl

39. Ordinary Folks Are Hit Hard

40. And Still No Government Help to the People

41. Prohibition Goes Into Effect • The “Noble Experiment” • Passage of the 18th Amendment (1919) • Cure for All Evils of Society • Crooked Politicians • Child and Wife Abuse • Failure of Immigrants to Assimilate • Experiment Failure • Organized Crime • Speakeasies • Moonshiners

42. Motivation: Chicago

43. Both Sides of the Question Can we legislate morality? Is alcohol a cause or effect of societal problems? How can we predict consequence of rules?

44. A Long History of Temperance: Carrie Nation Issue of alcohol, drugs, tobacco and gun control is common in reform movements from the Great Awakenings to the present. Usually taken up by WASP women and Fundamentalist groups in the Northeast and the Southern Bible Belt

45. For Every Action, There is an Equal and Opposite Reaction • NYC has 32,000 Speakeasies operating during Prohibition • $60,000,000 made in 1927 by Al Capone from bootlegging • Smuggling operations brings in booze from Canada, Mexico, and the West Indies • Homemade “hooch” from wood alcohol leads to blindness, paralysis, and death

46. Criminal Activity and Defense • Northside Raid • Federal Bureau of Investigation Founded

47. Capone’s Little Italy

48. On the International Scene

49. Benito Mussolini in Italy • Journalist, teacher, and father of five becomes Europe’s first Fascist dictator—Il Duce • King Victor Emmanuel names Black Shirt leader Prime Minister after March on Rome in 1922 • Brits and Frogs see peace ahead Italian children recruited for Il Duce

50. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Jailed • Gandhi, aka Mahatma “Great Soul”, imprisoned for resisting Brit control of India • Pacifist uses non-violence and civil disobedience as protests • India Act of 1919 not fast enough for former London law student and South African attorney