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Bioluminescence

Bioluminescence. Dinoflagellates Trinidad. What are the conditions like in the deep sea? Physical: Biological: What are food sources for animals that live in the deep sea?. Ocean Zones. 0 m. photic. 200 m. dysphotic. 1000 m. 2000 m. aphotic. 4000 m. 6000 m.

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Bioluminescence

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  1. Bioluminescence Dinoflagellates Trinidad

  2. What are the conditions like in the deep sea? • Physical: • Biological: • What are food sources for animals that live in the deep sea?

  3. Ocean Zones 0 m photic 200 m dysphotic 1000 m 2000 m aphotic 4000 m 6000 m

  4. Light Penetration in the Ocean 50 m 100m Depth in meters 150 m 200 m

  5. Ocean Zones 0 m photic 200 m dysphotic 1000 m 2000 m What color of light will animals use? aphotic 4000 m 6000 m

  6. Light • Types of light production: • incandescence – light bulb • luminescence- fluorescence bulb • What is the difference between these types of light? • Bioluminescence: a chemical reaction

  7. Give examples of organisms that are bioluminescent?

  8. Evolution of Bioluminescence • O2 is toxic to some bacteria • Convert O2 to a nontoxic substance • Light is a byproduct • Benefit to some organisms Fossilized bacteria 3.5 bya

  9. Bioluminescence Chemical Reaction luciferase Luciferin + O2 oxyluciferin + light Bioluminescence: Not found in freshwater organisms.

  10. Types of Bioluminescence • Bacterial • Intrinsic Photobacterium

  11. Bacteria • Photobacterium (symbiotic relationship) • Achromabacteria (2 types of squid use bacteria, the rest (17) make their own) • Beneckea (not associated with symbiotic relationship) Vibrio fischeri

  12. Photophore (bacterial) Light emitting organ

  13. How do they get bacteria? • organ open to exterior • potentially continuous luminescence

  14. Bacterial Symbiont Tunicate- Pyrosoma- bacterial symbiont (intracellular)

  15. Bacterial photophores Squid Euprymna- squid hatches w/out bacteria; w/in hours it is infected w/natural populations of bacteria

  16. Bacterial Photophores in Fish flashlightfish Pinecone fish Anglerfish Ichthyococcus ponyfish

  17. Intrinsic photophores

  18. Control of Bioluminescence • Lid • Vascular control • Rotation of organ

  19. What are the benefits & drawbacks of using bioluminescence?

  20. Function of Bioluminescence • Reproductive advantage • Countershading • Escape and avoid predation • Species recognition • Feeding • In evolution

  21. Countershading

  22. Camouflage Hatchetfish

  23. Predator Avoidance

  24. Some deep sea copepods are red in color.Why?

  25. Malacosteus (dragonfish)

  26. Communication squids- looking for mates.

  27. Predation Some predators can lure prey by mimicking signals of prey. Other predators dangle a lure to attract prey.

  28. Burglar Alarm Theory

  29. Burglar Alarm Theory

  30. Burglar Alarm Theory

  31. Defense mid-water squid releases a bioluminescent cloud to startle and confuse predators. Photoblepharon- blink and run method.

  32. Other bioluminescent animals Duncecap or helmet jellyPeriphylla periphylla

  33. Bamboo coral Keratoisis flexibilis

  34. Brittle Star, Ophiroidia

  35. ostracod Ctenophore Dinoflagellate

  36. pterapods

  37. Coconut octopus Amphioctopus marginatus

  38. Polychaete Tomopteris

  39. Firefly squid

  40. Deep sea glass squid Teuthowenia pellucida

  41. Photophores on ventral surface Deep sea gulper

  42. Deep sea viper fish

  43. Black Devil Angler Fish lure

  44. angler fish

  45. Inquiry • Define bioluminescence. • Who produces bioluminescence? • What is the difference between intrinsic and bacterial bioluminescence? • What is the blink and run method? • What is countershading? • What is the evolutionary advantage of bioluminescence in bacteria?

  46. 7.What color is most common and why? 8. What advantages are there to producing red light? 9. How do fish control luminescence? 10. What triggers luminescence in dinoflagellates? 11. What are luciferin and luciferase?

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