The Scottish Crime and Justice Survey

1. The Scottish Crime and Justice Survey Barry Stalker Principal Researcher

2. Overview • Background • SCJS Design • SCJS Coverage • Sampling • Scotland Performs • Capacity building • Publications and data access

3. Background: Surveys • The Scottish Crime & Justice Survey • Continuous • Sweep 2008-09 • Sweep 2009-10 • Previous surveys: • ‘British’ Crime Survey (Southern Scotland) 1982 & 1988 • Scottish Crime Survey (all Scotland): 1993; 1997; 2000; 2003 • Scottish Crime & Victimisation Survey (all Scotland): 2004; 2006

4. SCJS Design • Interviewer lead interview, followed by self-completion (sensitive topics) • with random adult (age 16 and over) • Conducted Face-to-face, using CAPI/CASI • Pre-selected sample, representative of private households in Scotland • Target sample of 16,000 achieved interviews per annum • Continuous fieldwork (started April 2008) • Modularisation of questionnaire (4 x 4,000)

5. SCJS Coverage 2008-09 • General social issues in Scotland • Perception of local area and crime • Victimisation (Victim Form) • Prevalence of types of crime (e.g. Household; Personal); • Reporting of crime to the police • Victims experience e.g. demographics; support • Perceptions, knowledge and awareness of community sentencing; • and attitudes towards prison and prison sentences

6. SCJS Coverage 2008-09 • Perceptions and contact in the Scottish Criminal Justice system e.g. • Contact and perceptions of the Police; • … Procurator Fiscal (PF) • Violent crime e.g. • Workplace violence; • Violent incidents (victim form) • ‘Fear of crime’ • and worry about crime • Anti-Social Behaviour • Perceptions and experience

7. SCJS Coverage 2008-09 • Prevalence of threats, pestering and intimidation • including perception of religious and/or racist motivation • Prevalence of fraud and ID theft • Civil Justice • Problems with employment; disputes with neighbours etc. • Prevalence of Illegal drug use • Prevalence of domestic/partner abuse • Prevalence of Sexual victimisation

8. SCJS Coverage 2009-10 • Community efficacy • Social trust and cohesion • Police • Community policing and visibility • Stop and search • Sentencing scenarios • Civil Justice • Support and demand for types of support

9. SCJS sample - population • Sample of “general adult population” • …technically sample of private households as primary sampling unit (psu), but with random adult selection • Not cover non-private households e.g. • Halls of residence • Care homes or special accommodation • Hospitals, army bases etc.

10. SCJS sample • Complex sample design (i.e. not SRS) • Drawn from Postal Address File (PAF) • Nationally representative (n=16,000) • Minimum of effective base 1,000 per PFA • some disproportionate sampling • Mix of clustering/non-clustering • Clustered in ‘rural’ areas (approx 20%) • Mostly non-clustered, but with fieldwork batches • Stratification • PFA; CJA, Intermediate Geography

11. SCJS sample • Random systematic sample • Clustered • Datazones; • PPS • (22 addresses selected within) • Non-clustered • Addresses list • Random start, systematic selection

12. Sample size considerations • Statistical Power • which statistic to measure? • estimate of probable change? • Cost • available budget • Capacity • Field-force • Intended analysis • And sub-sample (base) sizes • Type of measure (e.g. prevalence; incidence) • Geography (e.g. PFAs) • Socio-demographic (e.g. Sex)

13. SCJS sample: Sub-analysis • Sample • Target = 16,000 • Representative at Scotland level • 8 Police Force Areas • 11 Community Justice Authorities • Local Authorities • Assuming SHS spec of 500 effective base minimum every 2 years • 1/3 Local Authorities (2008-09) • All mainland Local Authorities (2009 onwards)

14. Scotland Performs • Data source for 2 National Indicators: • NI30: Prevalence of Victimisation • “2 percentage point reduction in overall crime victimisation rates by 2011” • NI35: Perception of crime rate in local area • “To increase positive public perception of the general crime rate in the local area” • But also potential further contextual data • Quantitative analysis of other questions • Qualitative follow-up

15. Capacity building • Scottish Centre for Crime & Justice Research (SCCJR): CJ Quest • Analysis • Representation on Technical Advisory Group • User manual (non-academic) • Funding 2 PhD studentship, through ESRC joint funded PhD scheme, • Victims experience • Policing • Coverage and further awareness raising of SCJS through • Scottish Institute for Policing Research (SIPR) • Criminology societies (Scotland; Britain; European) • Local Authorities

16. Publications • The Scottish Crime & Justice Survey 2008-09 • Main report – September 2009 • Drug Prevalence report – September 2009 • Partner Abuse/Sexual Victimisation report – November 2009 • Following reports 2009-10, 2010-11

17. Data access • The Scottish Crime & Justice Survey dataset • Released on publication of first report (Main Findings) September 2009; • Lodged on UKDA with supporting documentation (including technical report) October 2009 • User manual (SCCJR) • Published in advance of dataset release • Training provision being considered

18. Contact • Helen Fogarty: Project Manager • Helen.fogarty@scotland.gsi.gov.uk • Stuart King: Project Director • Stuart.king@scotland.gsi.gov.uk

19. Scottish Crime & Justice Survey Any questions?