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Commercial Data Processing. Standard Grade Computing Studies. What is Commercial Data Processing ?. Commerce - “exchange of merchandise esp. on a large scale” large companies and other organisations. What do we mean by large companies ?. supermarkets banks building societies mail order
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Commercial Data Processing Standard Grade Computing Studies CDP Standard Grade
What is Commercial Data Processing ? • Commerce - “exchange of merchandise esp. on a large scale” • large companies and other organisations CDP Standard Grade
What do we mean by large companies ? • supermarkets • banks • building societies • mail order • dotcoms • airlines CDP Standard Grade
What do we mean by other organisations ? • police • DVLC • income tax • local authorities • schools CDP Standard Grade
What do the organisation need for CDP ? • Have to process very large amounts of data • A mainframe computer system can handle large amounts of data • It can • process the data quickly • process the data accurately • give quick access to information • carry out repetitive tasks efficiently CDP Standard Grade
What is the difference between data and information? • Data is numbers, text and symbols which can be accepted, stored and processed. Data has no context. • Information can come from data that is processed. Information has a context, a meaning. CDP Standard Grade
Hardware for CDP • Mainframe computer • CPU • input devices • terminal for data input • operators console for management tasks • possibly remote entry • output devices • backing store CDP Standard Grade
The Data Processing Cycle CDP Standard Grade
The Data Processing Cycle • Data collection and preparation • Data input • Data processing and storage • Data output but being a cycle means……. CDP Standard Grade
The Data Processing Cycle Data collection and preparation Dataoutput Data processing and storage Data input CDP Standard Grade
Data collection and preparation CDP Standard Grade
Data collection and preparation • Source Document • order form • application form • register • marks entry sheet CDP Standard Grade
Data input CDP Standard Grade
Examples of data input • Bar code • Magnetic stripe • Mark sense cards • Character recognition • MICR • OCR • Smart Card CDP Standard Grade
Error checking CDP Standard Grade
Error checking • Error checking is the process of making sure the data is correct • Two forms of error checking are • validation • verification CDP Standard Grade
Validation • Checking data to ensure it is a sensible value to process. • The value may not be necessarily correct. • Validation is carried out by the computer system CDP Standard Grade
Examples of validation • Check digit • Range check • Length check • Data type check • Presence check • Hash total • Batch total CDP Standard Grade
Verification • Checking data to ensure it is correct • Verification is carried out by people CDP Standard Grade
Example of verification The usual method for verification is for the data to be typed in twice. This could be • One operator typing the data in twice, or • Two operators typing the same data in once • The computer system then compares the two inputs to check if they are identical CDP Standard Grade
Data processing and storage CDP Standard Grade
Data processing Interactive or Real time processing is used to update information. In a big organisation this is usually on a multi-user database. Can be classified as • Sequential access (serial) • Random access (direct) CDP Standard Grade
Data storage • Files, records, fields and data • Update • Backup • File ancestry • grandparent, parent,child CDP Standard Grade
Data output CDP Standard Grade
Data output • Screen • Paper • preprinted stationary • File CDP Standard Grade
Implications of the use of CDP CDP Standard Grade
Management information • Stock • Staff • Multi user databases • Single entry, multiple use CDP Standard Grade
Advantages over a manual system • Large amounts of data can be held • Data can be processed more quickly • Data can be processed more accurately (less errors) • Lists can be kept up to date more easily • Direct mailing by the use of mail merge CDP Standard Grade
Costs • Initial costs • hardware • software • training • Running costs • staff • maintenance CDP Standard Grade
Data processing staff • Network manager • Systems analyst • Programmer • Engineer CDP Standard Grade
E-commerce CDP Standard Grade
E-commerce • Online banking • Online shopping • Effects on business • Mass market CDP Standard Grade
Banking • What is money? • What do we want from banks? • Security • Accuracy • Reliability • Privacy CDP Standard Grade
Transferring money • Cash transfers • Paper transfers • Electronic fund transfer (EFT) • Home banking • on line • telephone CDP Standard Grade
Shopping • Pre-computers • Disadvantages • Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) • Advantages and disadvantages • Structure of bar code • Social implications • Electronic fund transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS) CDP Standard Grade
Crime, Security and Privacy • Theft • Fraud • Sale of customer lists • Security • physical • software CDP Standard Grade
CDP and the Law • Data Protection Act • Computer Misuse Act • Customer lists regulated by Advertising Standards Authority CDP Standard Grade
Commercial Data Processing End of presentation CDP Standard Grade