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Solovetsky Islands: the ‘first gulag’ prison camp

Solovetsky Islands: the ‘first gulag’ prison camp. The onion-shaped domes of the monastery's several churches rise above the fortress-like enclosure that surrounds it and are mirrored in the calm waters of the White Sea.

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Solovetsky Islands: the ‘first gulag’ prison camp

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  1. Solovetsky Islands: the ‘first gulag’ prison camp

  2. The onion-shaped domes of the monastery's several churches rise above the fortress-like enclosure that surrounds it and are mirrored in the calm waters of the White Sea.

  3. One of the islands' many small chapels, situated on the shore of an inlet along the White Sea.

  4. Russian Orthodox monks prepare to bless the water of Lake Svyatoe.

  5. Naftaly Aronovich Frenkel Sentenced for smuggling to ten years’ labour on the islands. Upon reaching the island he was struck by how inefficient the camp’s labour system was. He wrote a letter of complaint to the camp administrator who sent it as a ‘curiosity’ to Yagoda, future head of the NKVD. According to many accounts, Yagoda was so impressed by the letter that he arranged a meeting with Frenkel, himself and Stalin. By 1925, Frenkel was running the economics department of the prison. He transformed the islands into a model work camp that was to be duplicated throughout Russia upon the launch of the Five Year Plan. He also became Chief of Construction of the White Sea Canal.

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