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Russia in Eastern Europe

“Seldom, if ever, has a war ended leaving the victors with such a sense of uncertainty and fear, with such a realization that the future is obscure and survival is not assured .” Edward R. Murrow . Russia in Eastern Europe. A greements for democracy broken

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Russia in Eastern Europe

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  1. “Seldom, if ever, has a war ended leaving the victors with such a sense of uncertainty and fear, with such a realization that the future is obscure and survival is not assured.” Edward R. Murrow

  2. Russia in Eastern Europe • Agreements for democracy broken • Americans: elections in Italy – popular communist party • Soviets: Eastern European • Influence Agreements

  3. Potsdam Conference • Churchill, Stalin and Truman meet July 1945 • Failed to resolve problems • Stalin • German reparations • Stay in Eastern Europe • Truman emboldened by atomic test • Stalin in Eastern Europe unacceptable • Proposed smaller reparations • Keep Russia reliant on US

  4. The Long TelegramIron Curtain • Soviet analyst George F. Kennan • Stalin won’t Negotiation • Stalin respected strength/threats • US needed to be destroyed • IRON CURTAIN • Winston Churchill - Westminster College, Fulton Missouri

  5. Atomic Monopoly and the UN • US to share atomic energy • Give up atomic weapons in stages • UN consent • Countries submit to inspection • US rep. to UN proposed punishments for violators • Soviets rejected proposal rush to build bomb • Suggest US disarmament total disclosure of Secrets

  6. The Truman Doctrine • 1947: Britain supports Greece -Civil War against communist guerillas • Congress opposed, Truman roused Citizens support, outlined the Truman doctrine • Aid to free people resisting armed minorities, outsiders • $400 million, economic/military help Greece and Turkey • Condemned communism

  7. Domino Theory • US sided with dictators Greece and Turkey • “Domino Theory,” If one nation falls to communism then its neighbors will surely be next • Containment policy must prop up those “Dominos” from falling

  8. European Economic RecoveryThe Marshall Plan • European recovery slow • Important to revitalize economy • Encourage sale of US goods • Alleviate suffering of European peoples, diminish support of communists • Marshall Plan /European Recovery Act • George C. Marshall’s plan - massive economic aid assistance • 16 Nations, $17 billion • “Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.”

  9. Czechoslovakian Coup • Republicans: communist threat a mere struggle over ideas • Then communist seize power in Czechoslovakia • US public shocked • Confirmed fears of a soviet aggression /internal subversion • Truman warned US on verge of war • Soviets “destroyed the independence and democratic character of a whole series of nations” Stalin and KlementGottwald

  10. Germany and Berlin split 4 occupied zones • US/Soviets argue about German reparations, not yet signed peace treaty • US/Britain to merge 2 occupational zones

  11. Berlin Blockade • June 1948: Soviets close off occupational zone • Truman: • Give up Berlin to Soviets, undermine doctrine of containment • Negotiations allow USSR to engineer crisis to exact concessions • Truman ordered a massive airlift of supplies • 11 months - 4000 tons daily - 250,000-supply missions • Colonel Gail S. Halvorsen”Candy Bomber”

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