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Word Endings:

Word Endings:. Word Endings –ed & -d. Updated July 2012 by Sarah Bowers. How is the Past Tense Formed?. Past Tense of Regular Verbs If a verb ends in a vowel, add “-d” Bake = baked Smile = Smiled Skate = skated Blame = Blamed Decide = decided Participate = Participated

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Word Endings:

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  1. Word Endings: Word Endings –ed & -d Updated July 2012 by Sarah Bowers

  2. How is the Past Tense Formed? • Past Tense of Regular Verbs • If a verb ends in a vowel, add “-d” • Bake = baked Smile = Smiled Skate = skated • Blame = Blamed Decide = decided Participate = Participated • If a verb ends in a consonant, add “-ed” • Look = Looked Guess = Guessed Watch = Watched • Walk = Walked Dream = Dreamed Play = Played • If a regular verb ends in a single vowel and a singleconsonant (except x), double the consonant beforeyou add -ed: • beg = begged clap = clapped fan = fannedhop = hopped jog = jogged pin = pinned

  3. How is the Past Tense Formed? • If the verb ends in a “y”, change y to i and add -ed:  • apply = applied cry = cried fry = friedhurry = hurried marry = married try = tried • Unfortunately, many verbs have irregular past tense forms, and will need to be memorized  • Do not add –d or –ed • Become = Became Run = Ran • Do = Did Speak = Spoke • Keep = Kept Buy = Bought • Give = Gave Teach = Taught

  4. How are –ed or -d pronounced? • Sounds like /t/ when verb ends in voiceless sound • Slap = slapped, Fuss = fussed, Match = matched • Sounds like /d/ when verbs ends in voiced sound • Bag = bagged, Faze = fazed, Play = played • Adds a syllable and sounds like /əd/ or /id/ when verb ends in /d/ or /t/ • Add = added, Wait = waited

  5. Voiced consonants            Voiceless consonant             Sounds Sounds          b                                               p              d                                               t              g                                               k              v                                               f              z                                               s              th                                             th   sz                                             sh              j                                                ch              l                                                 h              m              n               ng              r              w              y

  6. Final Reminders • Final –ed & -d has important grammatical meaning for listeners. • Final –ed & -d must be pronounced. • Final –ed & -d has three distinct pronunciations that are determined by the final sound of the neutral verb form.

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