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Exploring Mineral Groups: Silicates, Carbonates, and More

Learn about the various types of minerals, including silicates, carbonates, oxides, and other groups. Discover the composition, structure, and properties of minerals like calcite, dolomite, and halite. Explore economic minerals such as ores and gems like emeralds and diamonds.

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Exploring Mineral Groups: Silicates, Carbonates, and More

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  1. Types of Minerals Chapter 4 Section 2

  2. Mineral Groups Silicates • Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen • Make up 96% of minerals in Earth’s crust • Tetrahedron • Building block of silicates • Geometric solid having four sides that are equilateral triangles • Resemble a pyramid • Silica tetrahedra has one silica atom and 4 oxygen atoms • Silica tetrahedron can form in a variety of combinations • Accounts for the large diversity of silicate minerals.

  3. Silica tetrahedron

  4. Silicates • Individual tetrahedra are strongly bonded • Sheets • Chains • Complex three-dimensional structures • Bonds determine the • fracture or cleavage properties • Weak ionic bonds break along sheets- mica

  5. Carbonates • Minerals composed of one or more metallic elements and the carbonate ion CO32-. • Examples: • Calcite • Dolomite • Rhodochrosite • Found mostly in rocks such as limestone and marble • Have distinctive colorations

  6. Carbonates Calcite Dolomite

  7. Rhodochrisite

  8. Oxides • Compounds of oxygen and metals • Hematite and Magnetite common iron oxides • Uranitite- source of uranium Hematite Magnetite Uranitite

  9. Other Groups • Sulfides • Pyrite (fool’s gold) • Sulfur and one or more elements • Sulfates • Anhydrite • Sulfate ion and other elements • Halides • Halite • Chloride and fluoride along with calcium • Native elements • Silver, or copper • Made of one element only

  10. Economic Minerals • Ore • A mineral is an ore if it has value. • As soon as the value is gone, it is no longer an ore • Gems • Valuable minerals that are prized for their rarity and beauty. • Very hard and scratch resistant • Emeralds, rubies, diamonds • Polished and use for jewelry Platinum ore

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