GREETINGS FROM INDIA

1. The national animal The national bird The national flower GREETINGS FROM INDIA

2. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION Barcoding of Life : Meeting the Demand for Knowledge and Skills D.Chandramohan India

3. CAPACITY “the ability of individuals, organizations and societies to perform functions, solve problems, and set and achieve goals” D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

4. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT “the sustainable creation, utilization and retention of that capacity” The 3 Elements • the individual (tools & training) • the organization (restructuring, strengthening of the existing systems) • the institutional (culture change) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

5. EDUCATION “ imparting knowledge ” “the knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process” D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

6. HIGH Capacity vary from country to country LOW D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

7. HIGH ….even from one institution to another in a country LOW D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

8. The challenge….. ….how to bridge this gap D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

9. THE PROCESS STEPS • Assessing the status • Identifying the need • Working out the strategy • Training • Extending support for sustainability D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

10. A case study… INDIA D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

11. Very rich biodiversity • 7516.6 kmcoastline • Major Island Ecosystems Andaman&Nicobar (Bay of Bengal) Lakshadweep (Arabian Sea) • ~2 Million sqKm EEZExclusive Economic Zone Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea • Coastal Population: 370 million Indian Ocean D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

12. 294/36 Andaman & Nicobar 36/10 Lakshadweep D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

13. Government of India Ministry of Science & Technology Ministry of Forests & Environment Ministry of Agriculture • Department of Science & Technology (DST) • Department of Scientific & Industrial Research(CSIR) • Department of Biotechnology(DBT) • Department of Ocean Development (DOD) • National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) • Aquaculture Authority of India(AAI) • Zoological Survey of India(ZSI) • Botanical Survey of India(BSI) • Department of Agriculture (ICAR) • Department of Animal Sciences (ICAR) • Department of Fisheries (ICAR) • Fisheries Survey of India (FSI) Ministry of Human Resource Development University Grants Commission (UGC) • National Universities • State Universities • Centre of Advanced Studies • Private Universities D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

14. Institutions under Government of India National DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnosis (DBT) National Centre for Cell Science (DBT) National Bureau of Fish Genetics Resources (ICAR) International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB,New Delhi) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

15. Institutions under Government of India Marine & Fisheries Sector • Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB) • National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) CSIR • Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute(CMFRI) • Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

16. Private institutions No major support…..! D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

17. Coastal Universities engaged in marine biology teaching and research • Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology (Annamalai University) (East coast) • Fisheries College (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University) (East Coast) • Andhra University (East Coast) • Cochin University of Science & Technology (West Coast) • Fisheries College ( Karnataka Agricultural University) (West Coast) • Goa University (West Coast) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

18. Assessment ? 1.There are many institutions with advanced capabilities in the area of molecular biology and biochemistry. 2.There are large institutions specializing in fisheries and marine biology research. 3.Even though these institutions have their own mandate they have sufficient resources to take up barcoding of life program. 4.Some of the ministries encourage projects in documentation of marine biodiversity. 5.Coastal Universities show interest in Barcoding of Marine Life but they are not uniform in their capacity. D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

19. Strategy ? 1.Identify the potential individuals and institutions who can develop a “Network project”. 2.Conduct a training workshop for the individuals with the help of experts. 3. Identify the national funding agency and prepare the proposal . 4. Promote international collaboration –experts visiting India and researchers visiting labs in other countries. 5.Establish a “CENTRE FOR BARCODING OF MARINE LIFE” for sustainable development. D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

20. Issues to be tackled…! 1.Agencies differ in their policies and priorities for funding. 2.Enthusiastic individuals but lack of institutional infrastructure 3.Developing regional programs involving many countries 4.Availability of taxonomic experts 5.Convincing top level decision makers – a critical factor for funding D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

21. How we made a proposal ? D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

22. OSTC Department of Ocean Development (DOD) Marine Benthos Ocean Engineering & Robotics Marine Microbiology Marine Placer Deposits Universities Coastal Marine Culture Systems Marine Geology & Geophysics Marine Biology Marine Coastal Ecology(2) Ocean Science & Technology Cells D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

23. OSTC (Marine Benthos) • Monograph on Indian Barnacles (70 sp; 28 genera) • Monograph on the Taxonomy of Bryozoans from the EEZ of India (132 sp; 41 families; 3 orders) • Monograph on Marine benthic microalgae from the EEZ of India ( 292 sp; 88 genera) • Impact of bottom trawling on Benthic Communities (major multi-institutional project) D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006 D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

24. A Project Proposal… Barcoding of Indian species of Barnacles D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

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31. Cyprid Larva Nauplius D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

32. …..finding the partners OSTC Cochin University CAS in Marine Biology Annamalai University Monograph Expert National Institute of Oceanography Technology A NETWORK PROJECT D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

33. Taxonomic expert-1 Taxonomic expert-3 Taxonomic expert-2 Centre for Barcoding of Marine Life (National Institute of Oceanography, Kochi) ? “the transfer, adoption, mobilization and utilization of services, skills, knowledge & technology” Technical Assistance (TA) Within the Country Outside the Country CBOL SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINABILITY D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

34. Conclusions • Increased awareness should be capitalized • Bring more taxonomic groups under the program • Increase opportunities for training D.Chandramohan, Amsterdam, 2006

35. Thank you ...

36. Barnacle DNA Fish DNA Barnacle CO 1 gene (650bp) 1 2 3 1 2 3

37. FACTS AND FIGURES – INDIA (Marine) • India’s coastline : 7516.6 km • Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : 2 million sq.km. • Arabian Sea & Bay of Bengal together account for about 3% of the world oceanic area. Receive close to 9% of the global river runoff. • Lakshadweep : 36 islands ( 10 are inhabited) • Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 294 (36 are inhabited) • Coastal population : 370 million

38. Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial. India is rich in flora. Currently available data place India in the tenth position in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. From about 70 per cent geographical area surveyed so far, 47,000 species of plants have been described by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

39. The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, the national bird of India, is a colourful, swan-sized bird, with a fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white patch under the eye and a long, slender neck. The male of the species is more colourful than the female, with a glistening blue breast and neck and a spectacular bronze-green train of around 200 elongated feathers. The female is brownish, slightly smaller than the male and lacks the train. The elaborate courtship dance of the male, fanning out the tail and preening its feathers is a gorgeous sight.

40. The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris is a striped animal. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes. The combination of grace, strength, agility and enormous power has earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of India. Out of eight races of the species known, the Indian race, the Royal Bengal Tiger, is found throughout the country except in the north-western region and also in the neighbouring countries, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. To check the dwindling population of tigers in India, ‘Project Tiger' was launched in April 1973. So far, 27 tiger reserves have been established in the country under this project, covering an area of 37,761 sq km.

41. The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. In the original, there are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. Carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, the Capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma Chakra) . In the state emblem, adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus with a bull on right and a horse on left and the outlines of other wheels on extreme right and left. The bell-shaped lotus has been omitted. The words Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka Upanishad , meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs', are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script.

42. The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra. Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947. Apart from non-statutory instructions issued by the Government from time to time, display of the National Flag is governed by the provisions of the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (No. 12 of 1950) and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (No. 69 of 1971). The Flag Code of India, 2002 is an attempt to bring together all such laws, conventions, practices and instructions for the guidance and benefit of all concerned. The Flag Code of India, 2002, took effect from 26 January 2002 and superseded the ‘Flag Code—Indias' as it existed. As per the provisions of the Flag Code of India, 2002, there are no restriction on the display of the National Flag by members of general public, private organisations, educational institutions, etc., except to the extent provided in the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 and any other law enacted on the subject.