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Exploring Ancient Egypt: Civilization Along the Nile River

Ancient Egypt emerged around 3000 B.C.E., along the Nile River in North Africa, establishing a rich and distinct civilization. Unlike Mesopotamia, Egypt maintained its unity and power under pharaohs, who wielded vast influence and appointed viziers for governance. The society featured unique cultural practices, trade links with the Mediterranean, and advancements in mathematics, including the concept of a 24-hour day. From daily life to monumental achievements like the pyramids and tombs of pharaohs, ancient Egyptian history is a fascinating journey into a world of innovation and spirituality.

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Exploring Ancient Egypt: Civilization Along the Nile River

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  1. The Ancient Middle East 2: Egypt

  2. 2. The Ancient Egyptians

  3. Egyptian Civ • A second center of civilization emerged along the Nile River in N. Africa around 3000 B.C.E. • Egyptian civ. benefited from trade and tech. influence of Mesopotamia, but produced a very different society and culture. • Less open to invasion, Egypt retained a unified state for most of its history. • The pharaoh wielded immense power, and appointed viziers to administer govtthroughout the land.

  4. A View of Egypt by Satellite

  5. The Fertile Nile Valley

  6. The Annual Flooding of the Nile

  7. Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

  8. Ancient Egyptian History

  9. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

  10. Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes

  11. Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

  12. An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Wigs

  13. Egyptian Social Hierarchy

  14. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon1336-1327 B. C.E. Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.

  15. Egyptian Nobility

  16. Egyptian Priestly Class

  17. Egyptian Scribe

  18. Papyrus  Paper Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant

  19. Egyptian Math What number is this?

  20. Champollion & the Rosetta Stone, 1799

  21. Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”

  22. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

  23. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus

  24. Preparations for the Underworld Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

  25. Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

  26. Preparation for the Afterlife

  27. Egyptian Mummies Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E. Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

  28. Journey to the Underworld A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.

  29. Egyptian Book of the Dead

  30. The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris

  31. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

  32. Giza Pyramid Complex

  33. Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

  34. Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)

  35. Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb

  36. King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E.

  37. King Tutankhamon

  38. King Tutankhamun’s Tomb

  39. Treasures From Tut’s Tomb

  40. The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut 1473-1458 B. C. E.

  41. Ankhenaton: First Monotheist? 1352-1336 B. C. E.

  42. QueenNefertiti

  43. Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II 1279-1213 B. C. E.

  44. Legacy of Egyptians • Egyptian mathematics produced the idea of a 24 hour day. • Trade linked Egypt to Mediterranean islands like Crete, south of Greece. • The Greeks studied Egyptian mathematics and art.

  45. Images from: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY, http://www.pptpalooza.net/

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