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North America: The Human Landscape. Current News and Weather Finish Slides Environmental Issues Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity Economic and Social Development For Next Class: Unnatural Causes Background.
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North America: The Human Landscape • Current News and Weather • Finish Slides • Environmental Issues • Population and Settlement • Cultural Coherence and Diversity • Economic and Social Development • For Next Class: Unnatural Causes Background
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Environmental Issues Figure 3.4
Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns Uneven pattern of distribution Metropolitan clusters dominate landscape Megalopolis Population: Current Patterns Figure 3.12
European Settlement Expansion 1st Stage (1600–1750) 2nd Stage (1750–1850) 3rd Stage (1850–1910) Population: Historic Patterns Figure 3.13
Westward Migration African-American Migration from the South Rural-to-Urban Migration Migration to the Sunbelt South Nonmetropolitan Growth North Americans on the Move Figure 3.14
Amenity Migration • What is amenity migration and what are the push and pull factors?
Amenity Migration: Process of people moving to areas due to actual or perceived higher environmental quality • Push Factors: Urban environments (traffic, density, stress, pollution, limited recreation, etc.) • Pull Factors: Recreational opportunities (skiing, biking, kayaking), open space, rural lifestyle, public land, etc.
American City Growth Changing Transportation Technologies Urban Decentralization Figure 3.16
Historical Evolution of the City • Stage I – Walking-Horsecar Era • Pedestrian city characterized by compactness • Stage II – Electric Streetcar Era • Streetcar suburbs developed as the 30-minute travel radius expanded greatly • Helped to differentiate space in older core city
Stage III – Recreational Automobile Era • Automobiles and highways significantly improved the accessibility of the outer metropolitan ring • Mass wave of suburbanization resulted • Residential space became even more partitioned by class and race • Stage IV – Freeway Era • High speed expressways further extended the 30-minute travel radius
Suburbanization • A significant product of this Freeway Era has been suburbanization and the associated suburban sprawl that characterizes many landscapes across the country.
Gentrification • Displacement of lower income residents of central-city neighborhoods with higher income residents • Rehabilitation of deteriorated inner-city landscapes • Construction of new shopping complexes and/or entertainment complexes
Gentrification New Urbanism Settlement Geographies: Urban Pittsburgh’s SouthSide Works neighborhood is evidence of an urban renaissance on the site of an old steel plant Figure 3.18
Urban Periphery Settlement Geographies: Suburban • Suburban development in Douglas County, CO, miles south of Denver’s Central Business District Figure 3.19
Repeating geometric patterns are a hallmark of rural North American landscapes Township and Range “stamp” in Iowa Settlement Geographies: Rural Figure 3.20
Globally Dominant and Diverse Culture Ethnic Groups Cultural Assimilation Cultural Coherence and Diversity Projected U.S. Ethnic Composition, 2000–2050 Figure 3.23
Geopolitical Issues Challenges to Federalism: – Quebec Secession – Native Land Claims Politics of Immigration Figure 3.31