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History of Safety and Health

History of Safety and Health. Work… why work?. Noun – exertion directed to produce something Verb – the act of doing or exerting oneself. What is safety… related to work?. Identifying, assessing, and eliminating or controlling workplace hazards …free from danger…. Safety and Health History.

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History of Safety and Health

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  1. History of Safety and Health

  2. Work… why work? • Noun – exertion directed to produce something • Verb – the act of doing or exerting oneself

  3. What is safety… related to work? • Identifying, assessing, and eliminating or controlling workplace hazards • …free from danger…

  4. Safety and Health History • Safety and health has a long history. hunting… shaping of spears made of quarts (lead to silicosis), early mining… • As time wore on began to recognize the hazards of working with lead, silver, mercury…

  5. Safety and Health History • Industrial Revolution • Substituting inanimate for animal sources of power • Substituting machines for human skills and strength • Inventing new methods for transforming raw materials • Organizing work in large units • Appearance of mass manufacturing

  6. Safety and Health History • What are the safety impacts as a result of the IR? • Created hazards never before created – such as… • As a result, there was a greater need for hazard control

  7. Children in the Workplace 1900 consensus showed: • 1,750,178 working children between 10 and 15 years • 25,000 in mines and quarries • 12,000 in making chewing tobacco and cigars • 5,000 in sawmills, • 5,000 at or near steam driven planers and lathes • 7,000 in laundries • 2,000 in bakeries • 138,000 as servants and waiters in hotels and restaurants

  8. Safety and Health History • Tracking injuries and illnesses • Occupational disease cases • Pittsburgh Survey (20th century)

  9. Safety and Health History • Major events • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire • Gauley Bridge, WV • Love canal

  10. Safety and Health History • Enactment of Major Legislation • Workers’ Compensation – 1911 Wisconsin • OSHAct 1970

  11. Safety and Health History • More on the OSHAct • Why implement the OSHAct? • Goal? • Who is responsible for instituting OSHA? • Major components… later…

  12. How Big is the Problem? 2002: • Fatalities: 4,900 in 2002 (injuries) • 3.7 million suffered disabling injuries • Average cost for worker death was $1.1 million • Cost per disabling injury was $33,000 *source: 2002 NSC statistics • Workers Compensation paid out 49.4 billion in 2001 Other Information: • Injury pattern • <10% women • <10% older workers are injured

  13. Accidents Accidents are the fourth leading cause of death in this country after heart disease, cancer, and strokes: *This list includes work-related and non-work-related incidents.

  14. Accident Costs • ~150 Billion in the U.S. or $420 per worker • Costs associated with accidents • Lost work hours • Medical costs • Insurance premiums and administration • Property damage • Fire losses • Indirect costs

  15. Changing Workplace • Workforce – 56% of employers have less than 100 employees • Age – by 2010 the majority of workers will be >54 years • Gender – Females increasing to estimated 46% in 2010 (with 35% as mothers)

  16. Workplace Current Trends • Current trend is that only construction and service industries adding new jobs • Manufacturing and mining jobs decreasing • Substantial number of workers now holding multiple jobs

  17. Trends Continued • Union representation decreasing • Working at home increasing • Alternate employment • Help agencies • Contingent workers • Independent contractors • On-call workers

  18. Trends Continued • Multiple and part-time jobs • Technology used more • Hours and pace of working • Work arrangements (e.g., team work)

  19. Violence in the Workplace

  20. Drugs in the Workplace ???

  21. Safety and Health Terms • What is risk? • The possibility of loss or injury to people and property • Contributing factors for risk: • Frequency • Severity • Unit of exposure

  22. Risk • Types of Risk? • Societal and individual risk • Residual risk • The risk remaining after the risk management strategies have been implemented. • Perceived risk • The level of risk that each individual acknowledges in a particular risk assessment.

  23. Safety vs. Risk • Acceptable Risk? • The risk associated with the best of the available alternatives • Laws of Acceptable Risk • Acceptable risk is proportional to the amount of benefit • The public will accept a higher level of voluntary risk than involuntary risk • People take more risk when it is controllable than when it is not controllable

  24. So… why is safety and health important? • Legal obligation… from whom/what?? • Potential for criminal charges

  25. Responsibility for Job Safety The Charlie Morecraft Story

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