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NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY. Energy Use. Five main purposes: Cooking Transportation Manufacturing Heating/Cooling Generating electricity to run machines/appliances. Fossil Fuels. Created from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. Includes coal, oil, natural gas

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NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

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  1. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

  2. Energy Use • Five main purposes: • Cooking • Transportation • Manufacturing • Heating/Cooling • Generating electricity to run machines/appliances

  3. Fossil Fuels • Created from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. • Includes coal, oil, natural gas • Supply is limited • Obtaining and using them results in pollution • Need to find alternatives

  4. Energy Use • How do wedeterminewhat fuel to use? • Energy content • Cost • Availability • Safety • Byproducts • Ex: Wouldn’trun an airplane on coal – wouldrequiretoomuchcoal

  5. Energy Use • The cost of all goods reflects in part the amount of energy required to make and transport it. • In US, more energy is used per person than any other country, except Canada and UAE • 27% transportation • Japan & Switz have rail systems, and they are small countries – so this cost is low • US & Canada – low gas taxes • This leads to little incentive to conserve gas • Japan & Switz: supplement with other forms of energy

  6. Do Now • Go on Internet & find price of gas in : • Italy • England • Germany • France • Netherlands

  7. Do Now • Go on Internet & find price of gas in : • Italy: $5.96 • England: $5.79 • Germany: $5.57 • France: $5.54 • Netherlands: $6.48

  8. COAL • Makes up most of the worlds fossil fuels reserves • Relatively inexpensive • Needs little refining after it is mined • About ½ of electricity in US comes from coal plants

  9. Coal Mining & the Environment • Underground mining has little affect on the surface • Surface mining sometimes removes the entire top of mountains to reach a coal deposit • Waste rock can coal mines can cause toxic chemical to leach into nearby streams • High-grade coal produces more heat and less pollution than low-grade • Sulfur is a main source of pollution • Results in acid precipitation

  10. PETROLEUM • Oil that is pumped from ground • Also known as crude oil • Found around geologic features like folds and faults that trap oil as it moves • Accounts for 45% of commercial energy use

  11. FindingOil • Most of reserves are in Middle East • Others in US, Venezuela, North Sea, Siberia, Nigeria • Exploration wells drilled in areas believed to have oil • Determines availability and volume • Once oil is removed, it is transported to a refinery which converts it to fuels & other petroleum products

  12. Oil Refining

  13. Oil and the Environment • Burning petroleum releases pollutants • Contribute to formation of smog • Pollution may be reduced by technology like catalytic converters • In developing countries, these technologies are not available, or not used • Oil spills

  14. Natural Gas • Methane • Used to be considered a nuisance and burned off • New technology has allowed transporting it to be more practical • Burns with less pollutants

  15. FUTURE OF FOSSIL FUELS • Demand will double by 2050 • Cost will increase with demand • Oil production from fields accessible by land peaked in 2010? • Ocean drilling more expensive • Eventually will run out

  16. NUCLEAR ENERGY • Power Is obtained from the energy within the nucleus of a cell • Uses Uranium • Nuclear fission – occurs when the nucleus breaks apart

  17. 1. In a nuclear reactor, fuel rods full of uranium pellets are placed in water. • Inside the fuel rods, uranium atoms split, releasing energy. • This energy heats water, creating steam. • The steam moves through a turbine, which turns a generator to create electricity. • The steam cools back into water, which can then be used over again. At some nuclear power plants, extra heat is released from a cooling tower. • Finding the fuel. One square mile of earth, one foot deep, typically contains over a ton of uranium

  18. Advantages of Nuclear Energy • Uranium is very compact – lots of energy is a very small volume • Do not produce greenhouse gases • Release less radiation than coal-powered plants

  19. Why is Nuclear Power not used more? • Building & maintenance is expensive • Waste storage: Products remain radioactive for thousands of years. Location of waste storage must be geologically stable (no Earthquakes)

  20. Safety • Safety: • Chernobyl, 1986: Safety devices turned off to conduct unauthorized test – resulted in release of radioactive materials into the air. Some surrounding areas remain contaminated. This reactor was an old design, and safety guidelines were ignored. • Three Mile Island, 1979: Human error, equipment in poor condition resulted in a small amount of radiation released. • More than 300 safety improvement since Three Mile Island

  21. Future • Nuclear Fusion – Nuclei combine instead of break apart. • Creates less radioactive byproducts • Difficult to achieve

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