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are experimentally observable

Baryon vs Proton Number Fluctuations. MK, Asakawa , PRC85,021901C(2012); PRC86, 024904(2012). are experimentally observable. Proton # Cumulants @ STAR-BES . STAR,QM2012. CAUTION! . Something interesting??. proton number. baryon number. MK, Asakawa , 2011;2012.

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are experimentally observable

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  1. Baryon vs Proton Number Fluctuations MK, Asakawa, PRC85,021901C(2012); PRC86, 024904(2012) are experimentally observable

  2. Proton # Cumulants @ STAR-BES STAR,QM2012 CAUTION! Something interesting?? proton number baryon number MK, Asakawa, 2011;2012

  3. Nucleon Isospin as Two Sides of a Coin N n p Nucleons have two isospin states. MK, Asakawa,2012

  4. Nucleon Isospin as Two Sides of a Coin a coin N n p Nucleons have two isospin states. Coins have two sides. MK, Asakawa,2012

  5. Slot Machine Analogy = + P (N) N P (N) N

  6. Extreme Examples Fixed # of coins Constant probabilities N N N N

  7. Reconstructing Total Coin Number P (N )= P (N )B1/2(N ;N ) :binomial distr. func.

  8. Nucleon Isospin in HadronicMedium • Isospin of baryons can vary after chemical freezeout • via charge exchange reactions mediated by D(1232): 200mb=20fm2 cross section

  9. D(1232) cross sections of p 3 1 2:1 2 1:2 decay rates of D

  10. D(1232) cross sections of p 3 1 2:1 2 1:2 decay rates of D

  11. D(1232) cross sections of p 3 1 2:1 2 1:2 decay rates of D BW for s & thermal pion Lifetime to create D+ or D0

  12. Nucleons in Hadronic Phase time chem. f.o. hadronize kinetic f.o. 10~20fm • rare NN collisions • no quantum corr. mesons baryons • many pions

  13. Probability Distribution Detector binomial distribution func. • for any phase space in the final state.

  14. Difference btw Baryon and Proton Numbers (1) deviates from the equilibrium value. (2) Boltzmann (Poisson) distribution for genuine info. noise For free gas

  15. Summary • Baryon and proton number fluctuations are different in nonequilibrium medium. To see non-thermal contribution, baryon number is better. • Formulas to reveal baryon # cumulants in experiments. • Experimental analysis of baryon # fluctuations may verify • signals of QCD phase transition • speed of baryon number diffusion in the hadronic stage. Future Work • Refinement of the formulas to incorporate • nonzero isospin density / low beam energy region • Discussion on time evolution of fluctuations @STAR

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