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Peace Be Unto You . . .

Wa 'Alaikum Salam. And Also Unto You, Peace. Peace Be Unto You. Islam. Submission to the Will of Allah. Meanings. Allah is God. Islam means submission. Muslim is one who submits. The Qur’an is the Sacred Text. Descendents of Abraham Ishmael was to be sacrificed People of Allah.

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Peace Be Unto You . . .

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  1. Wa 'Alaikum Salam And Also Unto You, Peace Peace Be Unto You . . .

  2. Islam Submission to the Will of Allah

  3. Meanings • Allah is God

  4. Islam means submission

  5. Muslim is one who submits

  6. The Qur’an is the Sacred Text

  7. Descendents of Abraham Ishmael was to be sacrificed People of Allah Descendents

  8. Beginning • Arabia. • 7th CE in the city of Mecca. • There was an important trade route. • There were various tribes in the area. • Meccans were know as traders. • The Ka’bah is located in the city. • It is the symbol of divine power. • The keepers were members of the Quraysh tribe.

  9. Muhammad is one of many prophets. Moses, Isaiah, Elijah, Jesus, etc. One of Many

  10. The prophet who spread Islam. Was born in 570 CE in Mecca. His father died when he was very young and his mother died soon after. He went to live with his grandfather who died two years later. He then lived with his uncle Abu Talib. Muhammad

  11. He worked as a caravan driver for a widow whom he later married. Influenced by Judaism and Christianity. The Life of Muhammad

  12. While meditating in a cave on Mt. Hira about 610 BCE the angel Gabriel appeared to him with a message from Allah. Revelations

  13. Gabriel told him to receive the message from Allah. He runs and tells his wife Khadijah who talks to her cousin who is a hanif, a monotheist.

  14. It was determined that Muhammad had a genuine religious experience; he was not going crazy. • Once he understood this he continued with his recitations of Allah’s messages. • His first convert, outside of his household was Abu Bakr, a man of wealth and influence.

  15. Muhammad’s influence • In 620 Muhammad is contacted by some people from Yathrib to be an arbiter and a leader. • Muhammad accepts on the condition that the inhabitants embrace Islam. • Some agreed to practice monotheism and Muhammad sent a teacher with them when they returned to the city.

  16. Muhammad’s enemies wanted the prophet dead and planned in secret to kill him. However, he and a companion escaped and hid out in cave outside of Mecca. Yathrib (renamed Medina) became the new home of the prophet. The migration of 622 called the Hijrah is the beginning year of the Muslim calendar. Muhammad’s Escape

  17. To Lead or Not to Lead The Factions

  18. Passing of the Torch • Muhammad • 1st successor (caliph) - Abu Bakr • 2nd successor - Umar (he was murdered) • 3rd successor – Uthman (he was murdered)

  19. Sunnis Make up about 85 percent of the Muslim community. Accepted Mu’awiyah as the 4th leader. Traditional. The word sunni comes from the word sunna which means “tradition”, “example.” Accepted the legitimacy of orthodox caliphates (leaders). Partly in response to the Shi’ites, the Sunnis developed a religious, political, legal, and cultural system consistent with their beliefs. Shi’ites Make up about 15 percent of the Muslim community. Accepted Ali Bakr as the 4th leader. Their successors are called imams and Ali is the first imam. Ali was assassinated. Mu’awiyah was 5th leader. The word shi’ite comes from the word shia which means faction. Two Main Groups

  20. Sunnis Light green Shi’ites Dark green The Geographic Breakdown

  21. Sunnis • Their system includes • The successor is chosen by the consensus of the community. • Caliphs are leaders who rule in the name of Allah. • Qur’an and hadiths express the will of Allah.

  22. Sunnis • The caliph is the head of the religious community under which the government exists. • An imam is one who merely leads in the services in the Mosque. • Schools and scholars debate which help to interpret the hadiths and Qur’an and apply to everyday life.

  23. Zaydis Ismalis separated from the main group known as the Twelvers or Imamis. Have continued the successions of imams to the twelfth imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Hujja Shi’ites

  24. Sufis The Mystics of Islam

  25. It is Islamic mysticism. It is a devotional movement where inner spiritual life is cultivated. Sufism is thought to derive from the word suf which means wool. Sufism highlights genuine Islam and therefore emotions are important. Sufism

  26. Sufi Beliefs • Mysticism is at the core of it; it contends that the highest experience one can have is a direct encounter with God.

  27. The Qur’an is the sacred text for Muslims The Sunna contains traditions of the prophet Two Mighty Sources

  28. The Qur’an • Muhammad did not write the messages he received nor did he seek them but the messages came to him • The Qur’an: • Its “valid” copy is in Arabic and all other translation are not approved for recitation • It is beautifully written • Its authenticity is not doubted • It is a compilation

  29. It is made up of 114 suras (chapters) and each one has a name. It contains teachings about life and regulations about many things. It has affected Islamic art. Some handwritten copies of the Qur’an are artwork themselves. Passages from the Qur’an can be found on buildings. The Qur’an

  30. The Sunna • It is the guide of Muhammad’s words and practice. • These hadiths or traditions of the prophet were guides to “the practice of Islam along with the Quran and comprise the literary form of the Sunna.”

  31. The Practice The Qur’an along with the Sunna form the basis of the beliefs and practices of the faith community.

  32. Governance What leads the community

  33. Shari’a • The Shari’a is the law that governs all life in Muslim countries • It is comprised of several elements • Quran (most important) • The Sunna • Ijma’ (consensus of the community • Qiyas (analogy) • Ra’y is sometimes consulted by the Hanifite school. “Considered opinion of Muslims leaders acting for public good.” WR-Matthews

  34. Worldview The Absolute The World Humans The Problems for Humans The Solutions for Humans Community and Ethics Rituals and Symbols Life After Death Islam and Other Religions Islam

  35. The Absolute Islam is a monotheistic religion They affirm the absolute sovereignty of God God communicates with humans through the Quran, prophets, prayers and the direction of peoples lives. Some Muslims believe in predestination and others believe that Allah has given humans great freedom. They denounce anything that may even appear to be idolatrous. Angels are messengers of God. Worldview

  36. Worldview • The World • God created the world good but the world is not eternal. • The world was made for humans to enjoy. • Food, drink, marriage, sex, clothing, shelter, property, wealth all good.

  37. Humans Adam and Eve were the first humans created by God. Humans are above other creatures. People are to live together and those who submit to God are brothers and sisters Women in the Community Islam improved the status of women and therefore does not tolerate abuse of women. Women are to be cared for, can inherit property but are dependent on men. There roles are not separated from men but are supportive of men. Humans

  38. Problems • The Problems for Humans • Although Adam and Eve sinned the effects of sin did not extend to all humans. • “Sin is refusal to submit to the will of God revealed through his prophets, especially his final one, Muhammad.”

  39. Solution • The Solution for Humans • Salvation comes when a person acknowledges that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. • One needs to say the Shahada wholeheartedly with no reservations and live according to the Quran to be saved. • One performs the Five Pillars as obligations. • When one does one’s religious duties and “refrains from the prohibitions God will judge in their favor.

  40. Community and Ethics A Muslim community is called ummah. Muslim cities are built around the Mosque. Everyone is connected to a family. One gives alms to beggars and community treasury. There are provisions for more than one wife. One avoids certain prohibitions gambling drinking alcohol lying stealing pork eating usury One is non aggressive but vengeance is required for injustice. Community and Ethics

  41. Rituals • Rituals and Symbols • Children are a blessing • Male child is circumcised • Marriages are arranged • It is contractual • A man can divorce/remarry up to 3 times • Funeral • The Mosque is a place of prayer although there are pulpits in some.

  42. http://www.addconsults.com/store/images/ruler.gif Art • Islam has adhere strictly to the belief of not creating idols. Much of their art work is centered on objects. They use a straight edge and a compass. • Dr. Ann Richey has done some research on Islamic art and presented at a faculty forum in 2001. • http://raider.muc.edu/%7Eritcheam/Islamicart/sld001.htm http://www.iit.edu/~smart/sheajan1/Compass.gif

  43. The Role of Women • Female roles - • Females have different but complementary roles. Girls are prepared for traditional female roles, such as wife and mother. • In some Islamic countries women work as nurses, doctors and teachers.

  44. Worldview • Life After Death • When one dies one will eventually have to face judgment from Allah. • One’s deeds are examined and based on this examination one either enters paradise or hell.

  45. Worldview • Islam and Other Religions • Muslims believe that everyone should be a Muslim. • Ignorance is the basis of unbelief. • The infidel just needs to know • The Christian and Jew have incomplete knowledge. • Although Muslims acknowledge the miraculous birth and the miracles of Jesus he was in no way divine. • Muslims have been known to cooperate with other religions in areas of mutual concerns

  46. Sources • An interesting site: • http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/cib/2001-02/02cib07.htm#intolerance

  47. Sources • Slide 1 – http://www.msa-natl.org/images/Islam.jpg • Slide 2 – http://www.my-muslim.com/greeting/v2/create.php?f=salaam/salaam3.jpg&template= • http://www.quraan.com/Muslim/026.asp#002_b26 • Slide 4 • http://havcamwiltrav.tripod.com/oldsite/allah.jpg • Slide 5 – http://www.pluralism.org/resources/slideshow/jacobs/islam~1b_med.jpg • Slide 6 – http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1570000/images/_1573897_011002islam300c.jpg • Slide 7 – http://www.ackland.org/art/exhibitions/islam/images/96.4.1.jpg

  48. Sources • Slide 8 – http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/imagebase/carousel?state=cycle&info=on&startno=5&name=hsa40&sortfield=F01&search= • Slide 9 – http://www.bible.ca/islam/islam-aksum-map-0-700ad.jpg • Slide 11 – http://rashedsheikh.20m.com/images/mecca.jpg • Slide 12 – http://www.noumenal.com/marc/dadd/caravan.jpg • Slide 15 – http://hemsidor.torget.se/users/h/Helper/bilder/islam/Gabriel.jpg • Slide 16 – http://www.hotelvallina.com/_borders/medina.gif • Slide 17 – http://www.eidmubarak.com/graphics/hijrah/hijrah3_im.jpg • Slide 19 – http://www.lapraik.com/cordeaux/images/quranstandcotton.cover.jpg http://www.thesaurus-islamicus.li/sunna-small3.gif • Slide 20 – http://home.t-online.de/home/henkaipan/qur-001.jpg • Slide 21 – http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/cib/2001-02/02CIB07-2.jpg

  49. Sources • Slide 26 – http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/765000/images/_769914_leader150.jpg • Slide 28 – http://www.irc.nl/manage/img/imam.jpg • Slide 29 – http://www.adhamonline.com/images/news/sufi.jpg • http://www.riflessioni.it/images/danza_sufi.gif • Slide 32 – http://www.centrum-universel.com/maulana.jpg

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