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This exploration delves into the complex narratives of the American frontier, contrasting the glorified myths with the reality faced by diverse groups, including women, immigrants, and African Americans. It examines the impacts of figures like Buffalo Bill and the influence of Turner’s Frontier Thesis, which celebrated the frontier's role in shaping American identity while overlooking the contributions of marginalized communities. Key events, such as the establishment of Yellowstone National Park, highlight the tensions between opportunity and equality in frontier life.
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http://www.usfirearms.com/im/buffalobill_large.jpg http://www.showmensleague.org/about_us/buffalo_bill.jpg Frontier Myths Angela Brown
The West by 1900 • A decline in the amount of unorganized territory created the sense that the opportunities of the frontier were fading. • 1872 the federal government established Yellowstone National Park to preserve western lands http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Gif/Yellowstone/Maps/map_yellowstone_caldera.gif
Nations 1st national park Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho • 1890 the Superintendent of the census announced the end of the frontier. http://www.gorzow.mm.pl/~bebelebe/Yellowstone%20River% 20in%20Hayden%20Valley,%20Yellowstone%20National%20Park.jpg
Turner’s Frontier Thesis • Fredrick Jackson Turner 1893 – claimed the frontier had played a central role in forming the American character • Forced settlers to shed old ways and adapt, innovate, and invent http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/TURNER/Turner.gif
Created Americans who were ready for adventure, bent on self-improvement and committed to democracy • Disregarded contributions of women, African Americans, immigrants, government, and big business. http://www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/FRONTIER/Image/fr-vista.jpg
Frontier Realities • Diverse Western settlers – women, Chinese, Japanese, and African Americans • “buffalo soldiers” – Native Americans called the all-black ninth and tenth cavalry regimen http://www.allenscreations.com/images/fmcotbs.jpg
Limited View of Democracy • gave women the vote before eastern counterparts but… • ran over rights of native Americans and Asians • Settlers treated vast resources as though they were limitless http://www.wwnorton.com/cover/032155.jpg
Creating the Myths • 1870 dime novels of writers like Edward Wheeler • 1883 William F. Cody “Buffalo Bill” Wild West Show • 1902 Frederic Remington’s painting The Cowboy http://images.replacements.com/images/images5/china/C/franciscan_ frederic_remington_western_series_no_box_P0000127210S0002T2.jpg
http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/RET/rr_0058~The-Life-of-Buffalo-Bill-Posters.jpghttp://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/RET/rr_0058~The-Life-of-Buffalo-Bill-Posters.jpg • Stereotypes – fixed ideas held by people • strenuous life for men http://www.ethesis.net/buffalo_bill/buffalo_bill.jpg http://www.nativeamericans.com/Sitting_Bull-Buffalo_Bill.jpg
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m-3369.jpg • 1912 Juliette Low founded the American Girl Scouts because she feared civilization had made girls too soft. • She praised women homesteaders for strength and intelligence. • Made scouting techniques for tracking woodcrafts, and wilderness survival the core of her program. http://district185.macomb.com/~edison/images/2005% 20Wax%20Museum/Famous%20Women/images/Juliette-Low.jpg
Reality is much more complex than the myths. • It is balance between the dream of endless opportunities and the fact that opportunities were not equal for all. http://artfiles.art.com/images/-/Frederic-Remington /Arizona-Cowboy-Print-C10034065.jpeg