Rural-Urban Interdependence in the New Economy

1. Tom Beckley Ray Bollman David Bruce Omer Chouinard Ivan Emke Greg Halseth Bruno Jean Patrice LeBlanc Dianne Looker Diane Martz Solange Nadeau John Parkins Steve Plante Doug Ramsey Richard Stedman Ellen Wall Derek Wilkinson Anna Woodrow Rural-Urban Interdependence in the New Economy Bill.Reimer@concordia.ca nre.concordia.ca www.crrf.ca 2009/01/30

2. Outline • What is rural-urban interdependence? • Trade and exchange • Institutions • Environment • Identity • What strategic actions does it suggest for communities, urban centres, provinces? • 8 Suggestions

3. Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation The NRE Rural Observatory …an International Network

4. Interdependence through Trade

6. Interdependence through Trade • Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased • Commodity communities shrinking • Urban dependent on commodities

7. Canadian Balance of Trade 2007

8. Interdependence through Trade • Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased • Commodity communities shrinking • Urban dependent on commodities • Rural manufacturing remains strong

9. Interdependence through Trade:Improving competitiveness http://www.warnerhockeyschool.com/ http://www.villagedeslilas.com/index.php

10. Interdependence through Trade • Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased • Commodity communities shrinking • Urban dependent on commodities • Rural manufacturing remains strong • Metro-adjacent communities grow

11. Institutional Interdependence • Services regionalize, specialize, standardize, professionalize • General policies insensitive to local conditions • Bureaucratic norms are challenging for rural • Innovations in governance can create opportunities

12. Institutional Interdependence:Innovation http://www.mwmc.ca/ Nelson Hydro

13. http://cwconline.org/ Interdependence through Environments • Water, food, footprints, global warming restructure interdependence understanding http://www.fraserbasin.bc.ca

14. Interdependence through Identity • New interdependence challenges local identities • Immigration reinforces urban hegemony

15. Trade and exchange Institutions Rural and Urban are Interdependent Identity Environment

16. Strategies • Look to urban demand • Identify global niche markets • Integrate strangers • Build social infrastructure • Build all capacities • Make interdependencies visible • Consider regional opportunities • Create venues for collaboration

17. Strategy:Look to urban demand

18. Strategy: Identify niche markets http://www3.sympatico.ca/remi.rioux/lacledeschamps/ http://www.fibroconcept.com/ http://www.ccare.ca/

19. Strategy: Integrate strangers http://www.scses.winkleronline.com/

20. Strategy: Build Social Infrastructure Tumbler Ridge Examples • Health • Public health nurses • Alcohol/Drug counseling • Safe House Project • Victim Assistance • Block parents • Al-Anon • Literacy Group • Take-Off-pounds • Recreation • Darts club • Minor hockey • TR Boards, Bikes • Curling club • Happy Hookers • Red Hat Society • Quilt Guild • Museum Foundation • Ornothology Group • Legion • Community Arts Council • Education • Books Lapsit Program • TR Children’s Centre • Northern Lights College

21. Strategy: Make Interdependencies Visible • Food • Water • Environment

22. Strategy: Think Regionally

23. Strategy: Venues for collaboration REDAs MRCs

24. Collaboration lessons • Strong regional institutions • Multiple venues of interaction • Clear rules of accountability and representation • Common language and understanding • Patience and tolerance Budget for Breakage

25. Conclusions • Rural and Urban are interdependent • Commodity economics are a rural burden • Agglomeration economies are trump • Look for local assets and competitive advantage • Facilitate regional collaboration • Build local capacities (including social infrastructure)

26. Tom Beckley Ray Bollman David Bruce Omer Chouinard Ivan Emke Greg Halseth Bruno Jean Patrice LeBlanc Dianne Looker Diane Martz Solange Nadeau John Parkins Steve Plante Doug Ramsey Richard Stedman Ellen Wall Derek Wilkinson Anna Woodrow Rural-Urban Interdependence in the New Economy Bill.Reimer@concordia.ca nre.concordia.ca www.crrf.ca 2009/01/30

27. Return

28. Return

29. Global exposure means low population growth Constant boundary CSDs Return

30. Ontario International Balance of Trade 2007 Auto Forestry Return

31. Return

32. Interdependence through Trade:Commuting Return http://crerl.usask.ca/infrastructure/maps.php

33. Bureaucratic Market Associative Communal Build all types of capacities Market-based: Contractual, short-term, supply and demand E.g. commerce, labour, housing, trade Bureaucratic-based: Rationalized roles, principles E.g. government, law, corporations Associative-based: Shared interests E.g. recreation, charity, religious groups Communal-based: Generalized reciprocity, identity, birth E.g. families, cultural groups, gangs Return

34. Health Professionals - Local Services – All Sites (% yes) 1998 2005 Doctors 47.4 42.1 Nurses 52.6 36.8 Dentists 36.8 31.6 Optometrist 15.8 21.1 Dental surgeon 15.8 10.5 Home care visits 47.4 68.4 Social workers 42.1 26.3 Return

35. Boards of Directors & Funding Next Return

36. Staff & Funding Return

37. Immigration is an increasingly important component of population growth. Next Return Source: Statistics Canada, Based on Catologue Nos. 91-213 and 91-520

38. Canada has welcomed over 1 million immigrants during the first five years of the millennium 2002: Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Return Next Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada.

39. Return

40. +$2,000 +$4,500 -$680 -$7,000 Social Cohesion mitigates external context External factors have significant effects Fluctuating Economy Social cohesion can mitigate these effects Average HH Income The relations are often conditional $47,000 Global with Bureaucraticor Local with non-Bureaucratic Market-based SoCo Bureaucratic-based SoCo Return