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The Imperial Age - Japan The Era of Warrior Dominance Korea & The Making of Vietnam

The Imperial Age - Japan The Era of Warrior Dominance Korea & The Making of Vietnam. Chapter 13. Japan: The Imperial Age. 7 th to 9 th C – Nara - first emergence of a strong Japanese state

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The Imperial Age - Japan The Era of Warrior Dominance Korea & The Making of Vietnam

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  1. The Imperial Age - JapanThe Era of Warrior DominanceKorea & The Making of Vietnam Chapter 13

  2. Japan: The Imperial Age • 7th to 9th C – Nara - first emergence of a strong Japanese state • Political development – limited - members of the imperial family struggled for power with the Buddhist clergy • 646 - Taika Reforms – began w/ land reform, based on Confucianism • True aim was greater centralization / enhance the power of the imperial court • aristocracy/Buddhist monks opposed • Heian Dynasty • - Capital to Heian (Kyoto) • -Abandoned Taika reforms • -Aristocracy restored to power

  3. Ultra civilized Court Life& the Decline of Imperial Power The last minutes of Minamoto Yorimasa's life; he was about to commit the suicide after losing his war against the Taira – started the tradition of honorable suicide ('seppuku' in Japanese) • Elite Codes of behavior • Aesthetic enjoyment • Poetry • Women & men take part • Lady Murasaki - Tale of Genji – world’s oldest known novel • Fujiwara family • Cooperate with Buddhists • Powerful regional lords (bushi – men of the bow – early Samurai) • Samurai – warriors – loyal to local warlords, not the Emperor • Special code • Family honor • Death rather than defeat - • Peasants lose status & freedom • Worship Salvationist Buddhism

  4. Taira & Minamoto – violent family rivalries fought for control in Gempei Wars 1185 Minamoto (family of famous archers) victorious Established Bakufu - military govt Declining Influence of China Emperor under control of Shoguns 1272-1281 - Mongol invasion of Japan massive Mongol forces w/ superior naval technology and weaponry attempted a full-scale invasion of the Japanese islands A famous typhoon referred to as kamikaze - divine wind -credited w/ destruction of both Mongol invasion forces – strong defenses on island of Kyūshū Japanese successful in stopping the Mongols, the invasion BUT – devastating repercussions extinction of the Kamakura shogunate Era of Warrior Dominance 11th & 12th C

  5. Age of the Warlords 14th C • Short reestablishment of imperial rule under the Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji • Ashikaga Shogunate established • Emperor driven from Kyoto • central authority weakened • 1467-1477 - civil war b/w Ashikaga factions • 300 states - Ruled by regional warlords (daimyo) • Toward Barbarism? • Warfare becomes more brutal • Daimyo support commerce • Zen Buddhism • practiced by elite • new connection with China Samurai boarding Mongol ships in 1281

  6. Korea – influenced by China & Japan North & South were separate, but greatly influenced each other • 109 B.C.E. - Choson kingdom conquered by Han • Koguryo people - resist Chinese dominance • Sinification increases after Han ousted b/c Buddhism • Silla, Koguryo dynasties (668-1392) • copied Tang cities • Aristocracy most influenced by Chinese culture (Confucianist social hierarchy) • Peak of Chinese influence • Revolts against Koguryo dynasty • Caused by labor, tax burdens • Weakened gov’t • 1231 - Mongol invasion- brought turmoil • 1392 - Yi dynasty founded - Lasted until 1910

  7. The Making of Vietnam • Chinese push south to Red River valley • Viets (native peoples) – Retain cultural distinctiveness • Women generally have higher status; examples?? • Han China Conquest and Sinification • 111 BCE - Vietnam becomes a tributary to Han Dynasty • direct political & economic control • Chinese culture systematically (forcibly) introduced

  8. Roots of Resistance • Resistance from aristocracy & peasants – united to fight common enemy PLUS Women participated! • 39 C.E. - Revolt of Trung sisters • 939 - Independence; lasted until 19th C • Distance from China helps resistance • Le Dynasty (980-1009) • Used Chinese-style bureaucracy Procession commemorating the Trưng Sisters in the early 20th century

  9. The Vietnamese Drive South • Indianized Khmer & Chams defeated • Viets expand into Mekong delta region • Expansion and Division • Hanoi - far from frontiers • Cultural divisions develop following intermarriage w/ Chams & Khmers • Nguyen dynasty – last ruling family of Vietnam • Capital at Hue by late 1500s • Challenge Trinh power in North • Rivalry until 18th century Nguyen family symbol

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