Metabolites Primary & Secondary

1. Metabolites Primary & Secondary Charlie C. Villate

2. Metabolites • Intermediates and products of Metabolism; • Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own, defense, and interactions with other organisms; and, • These are categorized as Primary & Secondary Metabolites.

3. Primary Metabolites • Intermediates and products of Primary Metabolism; • Directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction; and, • Absence of primary metabolites can result in immediate death.

4. Primary Metabolism (Few) • Glycolysis; • Photosynthesis; • Citric Acid Cycle; • Pentose Phosphate Pathway; • β-oxidation of fatty acids’ and, • Synthesis of proteins, enzymes and coenzymes.

5. Secondary Metabolites • Organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism; • Chemical compounds that are found only in specific organisms or groups of organisms as an expression of their individuality; • Used as defense, attractants, and coloring agents; • Provide most of the pharmacologically active natural products; and, • Absence of secondary metabolites can result to long-term impairment of the organism's survivability, fecundity, or aesthetics, or perhaps in no significant change at all.

6. Building blocks of Secondary Metabolites • Secondary metabolites are derived from Primary Metabolites; • The important building blocks of Secondary Metabolites are derived from the intermediates of: • Acetyl CoA; • Shikimic acid; • Mevalonic acid; and, • 1-Deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate.

7. Acetyl CoA • Utilized in acetate pathway; • Formed by oxidative decarboxylation of the glycolysis pathway product of pyruvate; and, • Also, Acetyl CoA is produced in the β-Oxidation of Fatty acid.

8. Secondary Metabolite Willow tree

9. Secondary Metabolite Prostaglandin E2

10. Shikimic Acid • Utilized in shikimate pathway; • Produced from a combination of phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate; • It can lead to a variety of phenols, cinnamic acid derivatives, and alkaloids. Shikimic Acid

11. Secondary Metabolite Vincristine Rose Periwinkle

12. Mevalonic Acid • Utilized in mevalonate pathway; • Formed from three molecules of acetyl-CoA; and, • The mevalonate pathway channels acetate into a different series of compounds than does the acetate pathway.

13. Secondary Metabolite Azadirachtin Neem Tree

14. 1-Deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate • Utilized in deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway; • Arises from a combination of pyruvic acid and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; and, • Responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenoid and steroid metabolites.

15. Secondary Metabolite Artemisinin Annual Wormwood

16. Thank God!