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Understanding Economics: Key Concepts of Scarcity, Choices, and Market Dynamics

This overview introduces fundamental economic principles including scarcity, decision-making, and the interactions within markets. It emphasizes the importance of managing limited resources to meet unlimited wants, highlighting the necessity of individual and societal choices. The distinction between microeconomics and macroeconomics is addressed, alongside the impact of trade-offs, incentives, and government roles. Ultimately, it outlines how these elements influence standards of living and economic fluctuations, providing a concise foundation for further study in economics.

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Understanding Economics: Key Concepts of Scarcity, Choices, and Market Dynamics

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  1. Introduction TE #1

  2. Introduction to Economics • A finite world • Unlimited wants • Relative Scarcity • Choices must be made • individual choices • social choices a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  3. PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS • Rumah tangga dan perekonomian memiliki beberapa aspek yang harus diputuskan: • Siapa yang akan bekerja? • Barang apa dan berapa banyak yang akan diproduksi? • Sumberdaya apa yang digunakan untuk produksi? • Berapa harga yang harus ditetapkan? a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  4. PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Society and Scarce Resources: • Manajemen sumberdaya penting karena adanya kelangkaan. • Scarcity. . . Masyarakat memiliki sumberdaya yang terbatas, dan tidak dapat memproduksi seluruh barang dan jasa yang masyarakat inginkan Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  5. PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS • How people make decisions. • Masyarakat menghadapi trade off. • Biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk mendapatkan sesuatu • Rational people think at the margin. • People respond to incentives. a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  6. PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS • How people interact with each other. • Perdagangan akan membuat semua menjadi better off. • Pasar adalah sesuatu yang tepat untuk mengorganisasi aktivitas ekonomi. • Adanya peran pemerintah. a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  7. PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS • Perilaku yang mempengaruhi bekerjanya ekonomi. • Standar hidup tergantung pada fungsi produksi. • Harga akan naik bila pemerintah cetak uang terlalu banyak. • Masyarakat mengalami tradeooff antara pengangguran dan inflasi a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  8. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics • Microeconomics fokus pada perilaku individual. • Bagaimana rumahtangga dan perusahaan membuat keputusan dan bagaimana mereka berinteraksi dalam pasar • Macroeconomics melihat perekonomian secara keseluruhan • termasuk inflation, unemployment, and economic growth a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  9. The Scope of Economics a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  10. Three Big Microeconomic Questions • Microeconomics seeks to understand what determines: • What • How berhubungan dengan faktor produksi • Land • Labour • Capital • Entrepreneurship • For whom  berkaitan dengan pembayaran yang dilakukan • Land earns rent. • Labour earns wages. • Capital earns interest. • Entrepreneurship earns profit. a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  11. Three Big Macroeconomic Questions • Apa yang menentukan standar hidup?  pendapatan perkapita  tergantung pada produksi • apa yang menentukan biaya hidup?  berkaitan dengan upah • mengapa perekonomian berfluktuasi?  The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in production and jobs in an economy. a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  12. Three Big Macroeconomic Questions a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  13. Point penting • Ceteris paribus • Marginal • Homo economicus • Normative and positive theories • Maximization paradigm a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  14. POSITIVE VERSUS NORMATIVE ANALYSIS • Positive statements are statements that attempt to describe the world as it is. • Called descriptive analysis • Normative statements are statements about how the world should be. • Called prescriptive analysis a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

  15. Tugas individu • Bacalah buku pengantar ekonomi mikro – apa pun judulnya. • Ringkaslah bab 1 menjadi 3 halaman, dan bab 2 menjadi 3 halaman. • Tulis tangan, dikumpulkan pada waktu kuliah berikutnya dalam kondisi anda siap untuk menerangkan apa yang anda tulis. a.i.r|TE|unika|2011

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