Riddle me This…

1. Riddle me This… • ATRIL LTRIA TALIR RATLI • Trail Mix • E more more more more • Ready for more • ME QUIT • Quit following me • PPOD • Two peas in a pod

2. Intro to Romeo and JulietWilliam Shakespeare

3. Did you know… • William means helmet or protection? Shakespeare may have meant “shaker of spears”? • At 18 years old, he was married to a 26 year old? • His poems are often self-loathing, bitter, & even homoerotic? • He put a curse on anyone moving his bones after he died and was buried? • Suicide occurs 13x in his plays? • He could be bisexual?

4. Early Life of Shakespeare • 1564-1616 • Born in Stratford-on-Avon (about 75 miles NW of London) • Studied Latin and Greek in school; this later helped him create historic figures like Caesar, Macbeth, Richard III • Born to John & Mary Shakespeare • John- served on the town’s council & was a glove maker • Did not attend a university; however, had an excellent education in grammar school, has a lot of general knowledge, and an extensive vocabulary • Classical writers he learned about in school influenced his plays

5. times of Shakespeare • At 18, he married a 26 year old named Anne Hathaway • Had 3 children, a daughter and twin boys • Daughter was born six months after they were married… • However, his sonnets address a love for a young man • People question a homosexual affair, but he was married… • 1589 he wrote his first play, Henry VI • He moved to London to pursue his career in writing and in acting • Majority of his plays were written between 1590-1610, and he started to become very successful • In 1594 he joined a theater company under Lord Chamberlain • Produced two plays a year • He died on his birthday in 1616 (April 23) • Don’t really know the cause of death- disease? Alcohol?

6. Theater & Performances • Dramas were a popular activity but only in London because of the buildings designed for them • In 1599, his theater company built the Globe and his plays were performed there • During a 1613 performance of Henry VIII, the roof caught fire from a cannon and the whole theater was burned within an hour. • Was rebuilt by the next year • Theater held 2,500-3,000 people • Circular/octagon shape • No roof • Actors= boys (played female roles because of their high pitched voices) & men only • Shakespeare was known to have acted in some plays

7. More Globe theatre • Because plays were so popular (and a lot of $$ was to be made from them), plays were produced as soon as they were completed • Stalls selling merchandise outside days of plays • People could buy apples or pears and throw them at actors if they were dissatisfied with their performances • A tower with a flag pole was about the Globe theatre- advertisements (with pictures) and color of flag determined type of play (black=tragedy, white=comedy) • No setting was used- elaborate props, trick doors in the floor, music was played, beautiful costumes, use of dialogue • Actors could “fly” in because there was no roof

9. Parts of the globe theatre • Pit or Yard • Located around the stage • No seating, audience had to stand • Cheapest section= cost 1 penny • The Galleries • Around were three tiers of roofed galleries. • Galleries had rows of wooden seats & were accessed from a back corridor • Had a roof offering shelter from inclement weather. • Stage • Raised - 3 to 5 feet and supported by large pillars • Made of wood with trapdoor to enable some special effects e.g. smoke. • At the rear of the Stage there was a roofed house-like structure supported by two large columns (pillars)

10. The Heavens • Pillars supported a roof called the ' Heavens '. • Created an area hidden from the audience for actors to hide. • A selection of ropes & rigging would allow for special effects, such as flying or dramatic entries • Lords’ Room • Stage Gallery above the Stage Wall used by the rich members of the audience, the Upper Classes and the Nobility. • Were considered the best seats in the ' house ' despite the poor view of the back of the actors. • The cost was 5 pence & cushioned seats were provided for these elite members of the audience. • Gentlemen's’ Room • Additional balconies on the left and right of the ' lord's rooms’ • These seats were for rich patrons of the Globe theater and the cost was 4 pence for which cushioned seats were provided.

11. Tiring House & the Hut • The stage wall structure contained at least two doors which lead to a leading to small structure, back stage, called the ' Tiring House '. • Stage wall was covered by a curtain. This area was used to change their attire; hence, ‘Tiring house’ • The ' Hut ' Above the ' Tiring House ' was a small house-like structure called the 'hut' complete with roof. • Used as a covered storage space for the acting troupe.

12. Elizabethan Age • Associated with Queen Elizabeth I’s reign (1558-1603) • Only 25 years old at the time • Ruled alone (didn’t marry ASAP like people thought she needed to do) • Wanted to preserve England’s peace & stability • Had genuine love for her subjects • AKA “Golden Age” • Many advancements were because of her leadership • Age of exploration

13. Elizabethan Daily life • Ranking • Based on social order • Monarch (king, queen) nobility (privileged class, often related to royalty) gentry (wellborn & upper-class landowners) merchants (workers, retailers) laborers (having to do physical work) • Queens = God’s representative on Earth • God formed these rankings • Family & Home life • Families were role models • Behaviors, raising, and discipline were based on Bible passages • When someone died, write a list of all their possessions for social ranking • Life expectancy- 42 yrs. Old because of diseases and low sanitization

14. Clothing • “Statutes of Apparel”- dress code • Maintain social status • Upper class- elegant, expensive velvet, exotic silk & satin, colorful because dye was expensive • Lower class- simple materials, cotton, leather • Leisurely activities • More time to enjoy activities • Based on team • Liked games because of gambling • Cards, dice, board, sports, kids’ games • Appetite • meat- usually eaten by the wealthy • Treasured food & the presentation of it; not very simple • Drinks determined social class • wine= $$$$ ale= $

15. Marriage • Women had little choice in picking a husband • Marriages were arranged for wealth & reputation • Families benefited from the marriage • Considered foolish to marry for love • Poor families would marry friends and neighbors • Bride would bring $$ & goods to the marriage, and she became the man’s property • Jobs • Apothecary- gave herbal medicine • Acrobat- did stunts for entertainment • Blacksmith- made and repaired weapons, armor • Chaplain- religion • Jester- entertained the Queen • Messenger- carried letters • Knights- fight and protect the Queen

16. Plays of the Elizabethan Age • Theater was very popular (thanks to Shakespeare) • Plays about histories, heroic past,& revenge dramas/comedies were popular • Before this time, plays were based on religious themes. During this time, they focused on anything but religion • Tragedies in plays focused on creating fear and pity in the audience • Also go for a good laugh; enjoyed joking society • Sexual situations & innuendos were also commonly used in plays, which made them popular • Stage directions- directions that involve physical movement of the actor the on the stage • Are placed between lines of dialogue • (walks to the front door)

17. Cont. • Histories • Based on the lives of Kings • Focus on small parts of the characters’ lives • Leaves out important events for dramatic affect

18. Shakespearean Drama • Comedy • Not a modern comedy • Had a happy ending • Light-hearted tone • Usually contained some of the following: • Struggle of young lovers to overcome difficulties • Mistaken identities • Clever servant • Separation & being reunited • Heightened tensions, usually involving families

19. Tragedies • Main character = adored, but flawed • Audience understands nothing about it but sympathizes with the character • Character is also capable of good & bad, but exemplifies the use of free will • Ends in the death of the hero; at one point happy then they must suffer! • Has abnormal conditions (insanity, hallucinations) • Supernatural events

20. Elizabethan Language These expressions are commonly used throughout • Against- for, in preparation for • Alack- alas (exclamation of sorrow) • An, and- if • Aye- yes • But- only, except • E’en- even • E’er- ever • Haply- perhaps • Happy- fortunate • Hence- away; from here • Hie- hurry • Hither- here • marry- indeed • Whence- where • Wilt- will • Withal- in addition • Would- wish

21. Terms • Meter • Basic rhythmic structure of a verse • The beat • Iambic pentameter • Ten syllables per line • 5 pairs alternating of unstressed and stressed syllables • I am a pirate with a wooden leg- x/x/x/x/ • Free Verse • No rhyme, meter, or musical pattern • Blank Verse • Has regular meter, but no rhyme • EX: Two households, both alike in dignity/ In fair Verona, where we lay our scene. • Used to sound like natural speech for dialogue in plays • Used to heighten dramatic speech with emotion

22. Prose • Type of literature that is written expression without a formal pattern of verse or meter • Natural flow of speech • Prologue • An introduction that is set apart from the story & viewpoint • Sets up necessary background information • Also used for dramatic effect • Chorus' Prologue

23. Monologue • Extended uninterrupted speech • Character addresses other characters on stage • Soliloquy • Long speech in which the character expresses his/her inner thoughts to the audience • Used more realistic speaking style • Aside • Brief remark made to the audience without being heard by other characters on stage Soliloquy

24. Characters • Tragic hero • Main character of a tragedy • Makes an error in his actions that will lead to his downfall • Has a fatal flaw • Dramatic Foil • Usually contrasts with the main character • Usually has traits in common with the main character • Highlights the main character’s personality • Round (dynamic) characters • Developed • Learns and changes because of conflict that occurs • A “real life” character • Emotional change • Flat (static) characters • Minor characters • Simple • Do not undergo change • Examples: a cheerful paperboy, next-door neighbor

25. Figurative Language Terms • Allusion • A brief reference to a person, place, event, or work of art (from history, geography, literature, religion) • Puns • Form of word play that exploits similar sounding words for humorous effect • A bicyclist can’t stand alone because it is two-tired. • I used to work in a blanket factory- but it folded.

26. Comic relief • Release of tension resulting from a comedic in the midst of tragic events; a wisecracking sidekick • Irony • Outcome of events is different then what was expected • Dramatic Irony • When the audience knows something that a character does not know

27. Rules for Surviving a Horror MovieWe know the bad guy is right around the corner… • When it appears that you have killed the monster, never check to see if it's really dead. • Do not search the basement, especially if the power has just gone out. • Never say that you'll be right back, because you won't. • Never look under the stairs, or the bed, or in the closet, or the cellar, attic, etc. • If someone tells you "Wait right here," heed that person's order and don't go anywhere. • Always check the back seat of your car.

28. Alliteration • Repetition of initial sounds in nearby words • Ms. Watts works with Mr. Frashure • Assonance • Similar vowel sounds in words • She needs to go shopping • Rhyme • Occurs with the last sounds of two words are identical • Ms. Watts is the best/ when she doesn’t give us a test • Rhyme scheme- pattern established by the arrangement of rhymes in a poem • Use letters to decipher the rhyme scheme My favorite show is Jersey Shore a It never is a bore a I watch it on Thursday nights b And like to watch Jwoww fight b When Sammi gets hit, I bet she is so sore a

29. Imagery • Words to evoke what the reader “sees” • Describing to appeal to the 5 senses • Dark blood poured from Snooki’s lip as she crashed to the ground. Vinny and Pauly D tossed their cold drinks and chased after the man who punched her. • Metaphor • Comparison of two things not using like or as • Chris is a monster on the football field. • Simile • Comparison of two things using like or as • His room is as messy as a pigsty • Hyperbole • An exaggeration • He called me 1,000 times last night.

30. Personification • Giving human characteristics to an animal or object • The tree whispered in the wind as it swayed back and forth. • Symbol • Image representing something • Inversion • Reordering of usual word order of a sentence • Usually placing the subject after the verb • To the store went Susie • Used to help with rhyming or to put emphasis on a certain word

31. Characters from R&J • Setting: Verona & Mantua (in Northern Italy) during the Renaissance (15th &16th century) • Escalus- Prince of Verona • Paris- A young count, kinsman to Prince Escalus • Mercutio- Romeo’s bff; kinsman to Prine Escalus • Friar Lawrence- A Franciscan Monk • Friar John- A Franciscan Monk

32. Capulets • Capulet- Juliet’s daddy • Lady Capulet- Juliet’s mommy • Juliet- 13 year old daughter • Tybalt- Nephew of Lady Capulet • Nurse- nurse (or Nanny) to Juliet • Capulet Servants • Sampson • Gregory • Peter (servant to Juliet’s Nurse)

33. Montagues • Montague- Romeo’s daddy • Lady Montague- Romeo’s mommy • Romeo- 16 year old son • Benvolio- nephew of Montague • Servants • Abram • Balthasar (servant to Romeo)

34. Social Offenses in Romeo and Juliet • On a scale of 1-5, rate each offense • 1=psh, no biggie, 3= ehh, that is a no no, 5= OMG, TERRIBLE! • Tricking someone • Lying to parents • Killing for revenge • Killing by mistake • Continuing a feud • Picking a fight • Marrying for money • Selling drugs • Crashing a party • Vulgar gesture

35. The Prologue • After reading it as a class, with a partner circle/highlight (in different colors) all the words relating to LOVE and all the words relating to HATE • Now with your partner, identify all the words relating to TWO • Individually, write a 10-14 line prologue about an SSR book you’ve read this year. • Challenge yourself by: • Making it rhyme & proving a rhyme scheme A/B/A/B • If you can’t make it rhyme, try to make two lines together rhyme • Also try to make each line 10 syllables