1 / 172

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins. A, D, E, and K. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene. Retinoids and carotenoids Vitamin A activity. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene. Retinol-binding protein (RBP). Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene. Roles in the body

maeve
Télécharger la présentation

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, and K

  2. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

  3. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene • Retinoids and carotenoids • Vitamin A activity

  4. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene

  5. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene • Retinol-binding protein (RBP)

  6. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene • Roles in the body • Vitamin A in vision

  7. Roles in the body • Vitamin A in protein synthesis and cell differentiation

  8. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene • Roles in the body • Vitamin A in reproduction and growth • Beta-carotene as an antioxidant

  9. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene • Recommendations • Retinol activity equivalents (RAE)

  10. Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene • Vitamin A in foods • The colors of vitamin A foods • Vitamin A-poor fast foods • Vitamin A-rich liver

  11. In Summary • Other names • Retinol • Retinal • Retinoic acid • Precursors are carotenoids such as beta-carotene • 2001 RDA • Men: 900 g RAE/day • Women: 700 g RAE/day

  12. In Summary • Upper level for adults: 3000 g/day • Chief functions in the body • Vision • Maintenance of cornea, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, skin • Bone and tooth growth • Reproduction • Immunity

  13. In Summary • Significant sources • Retinol: fortified milk, cheese, cream, butter, fortified margarine, eggs, liver • Beta-carotene: spinach and other dark leafy greens; broccoli, deep orange fruits (apricots, cantaloupe) and vegetables (squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin)

  14. In Summary • Deficiency disease: hypovitaminosis A • Deficiency symptoms • Night blindness, corneal drying (xerosis), triangular gray spots on eye (Bitot’s spots), softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), and corneal degeneration and blindness (xerophthalmia)

  15. In Summary • Deficiency symptoms (continued) • Impaired immunity (infections) • Plugging of hair follicles with keratin, forming white lumps (hyperkeratosis)

  16. Deficiency Symptom: Keratinization

  17. In Summary • Toxicity disease: hypervitaminosis A • Chronic toxicity symptoms • Increased activity of osteoclasts causing reduced bone density • Liver abnormalities • Birth defects

  18. In Summary • Acute toxicity symptoms • Blurred vision • Nausea, vomiting, vertigo • Increase of pressure inside skull, mimicking brain tumor • Headaches

  19. Vitamin D • Other names • Calciferol • 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (calcitriol) • Animal version: vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol • Plant version: vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol • Precursor is the body’s own cholesterol

  20. Vitamin D • 1997 adequate intake (AI) • 19-50 years: 5 g/day • 51-70 years: 10 g/day • more than 70 years: 15 g/day • Upper level for adults: 50 g/day

  21. Vitamin D • Chief functions in the body • Mineralization of bones (raises blood calcium and phosphorus by increasing absorption from digestive tract, withdrawing calcium from bones, stimulating retention by kidneys)

  22. Vitamin D • Significant sources • Synthesized in the body with the help of sunlight • Fortified milk, margarine, butter, cereals, and chocolate mixes • Veal, beef, egg yolks, liver, fatty fish (herring, salmon, sardines) and their oils

  23. Vitamin D • Deficiency diseases • Rickets • Osteomalacia

  24. Vitamin D • Deficiency symptoms: rickets in children • Inadequate calcification, resulting in misshapen bones (bowing of legs) • Enlargement of ends of long bones (knees, wrists) • Deformities of ribs (bowed, with beads or knobs)

  25. Vitamin D • Deficiency symptoms: rickets in children (continued) • Delayed closing of fontanel, resulting in rapid enlargement of head

  26. Vitamin D • Deficiency symptoms: rickets in children (continued) • Lax muscles resulting in protrusion of abdomen • Muscle spasms • Deficiency symptoms: osteomalacia in adults • Loss of calcium, resulting in soft, flexible, brittle, and deformed bones

  27. Vitamin D • Deficiency symptoms: osteomalacia in adults (cont.) • Progressive weakness • Pain in pelvis, lower back, and legs • Toxicity disease: hypervitaminosis D

  28. Vitamin D • Toxicity symptoms • Elevated blood calcium • Calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, kidneys, heart, lungs, tissues around joints) • Frequent urination

  29. Vitamin E • Other name: alpha-tocopherol • 2000 RDA • Adults: 15 mg/day • Upper level for adults: 1000 mg/day • Chief function in the body • Antioxidant (stabilization of cell membranes, regulation of oxidation reactions, protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A)

  30. Vitamin E

  31. Vitamin E • Significant sources • Polyunsaturated plant oils (margarine, salad dressings, shortenings) • Leafy green vegetables, wheat germ, whole grains, liver, egg yolks, nuts, seeds

  32. Vitamin E • Easily destroyed by heat and oxygen • Deficiency symptoms • Red blood cell breakage • Nerve damage • Toxicity symptoms • Augments the effects of anticlotting medication

  33. Vitamin K • Other names • Phylloquinone • Menaquinone • Menadione • Naphthoquinone • 2001 AI • Men: 120 g/day • Women: 90 g/day

  34. Vitamin K • Chief functions in the body • Synthesis of blood-clotting proteins and bone proteins that regulate blood calcium

  35. Vitamin K • Significant sources • Bacterial synthesis in the digestive tract • Liver • Leafy green vegetables, cabbage-type vegetables • Milk

  36. Vitamin K • Deficiency symptoms • Hemorrhaging • Toxicity symptoms • None known

  37. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins - In Summary • Interactions with each other • Interactions with minerals

  38. Antioxidant Nutrients In Disease Prevention • Free radicals and disease • Oxidative stress • Defending against free radicals • Oxidants and antioxidants

  39. Antioxidant Nutrients In Disease Prevention

  40. Antioxidant Nutrients In Disease Prevention • Defending against cancer • Defending against cardiovascular disease

  41. Antioxidant Nutrients In Disease Prevention • Foods, supplements, or both? • Prooxidants

  42. Water And The Major Minerals

  43. Water And The Body Fluids • Functions of water: • Transport • Structural support for molecules • Participates in metabolic reactions • Solvent • Lubricant • Body temperature regulation • Maintains blood volume

  44. Water And The Body Fluids • Water balance and recommended intakes • Intracellular fluid • Extracellular fluid • Interstitial fluid

  45. One Cell And Its Associated Fluids

  46. Water And The Body Fluids • Water balance and recommended intakes • Water intake • Dehydration • Water intoxication

More Related