1. Chapter 2: Constitutional Democracy Promoting Liberty and Self-Government

2. Section 1: America’s Political Beginnings • Basic Government Concepts • A gradual Process • Foundations of American Government • Ordered Government • Limited Government • Representative Government • Sovereignty of the English Colonies

3. III. Early attempts at Unity a) New England Confederation b) Albany Plan of the Union c) Stamp Act Congress d) 1st Continental Congress e) 2nd Continental Congress IV. Declaration of Independence

4. Section 2: Creating the Constitution • The Framers • Rhode Island • Vast Political Experience • Organization & Procedure • Secrecy • GW: President of the convention • Rules

5. Debating a new Legislature • Virginia Plan • Edmund Randolph • “large state plan” • New Jersey Plan • William Patterson • “small state plan” • Connecticut Compromise • Current situation

6. Slavery & the Constitution • 3/5 Compromise • Representation • Electoral Votes • Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise • International Slave Trade 1808

7. Section 3: Ratifying the constitution & principles of the Constitution • The Fight for Ratification • Federalists • 9 of 13 States • Argument: need a new government • Anti-Federalists • Fear of central government • Bill of Rights

8. Section 3: Principles of the Constitution #1: Checks & Balances • L > E • L > J • L > J & E • E > L • E > J • J > L & E

9. #2 Judicial Review • Federalist 78 • Federalist 51 • Marbury v. Madison #3: Popular Sovereignty • A government of the people, by the people, for the people #4 Limited Government • Government is not all powerful #5 Separation of Powers • Distributed among three distinct & independent branches of government #6 Federalism • Division of Power

10. The Bill of Rights

11. Formal Amendment Process • 2/3 Congress, ¾ state legislators • Informal Changes to the Constitution • Basic Legislation • Executive Action • Court Decisions • Party Practices • Custom

12. Section 4: Providing for Self-Government • The Framer’s fear: Tyranny of the Majority • Democracy v. Republic • Limiting Popular Rule in selecting National Office Holders

13. Power to the People • Jeffersonian Democracy • Constitution is designed for all • Jacksonian Democracy • President = represent the “whole” people • Tie Electoral Votes to Popular (peoples) Vote • Progressive reforms of the early 20thCentury • Delegates vs. Trustees • Initiative, Referendum, Recall • 17th Amendment • Primary Elections