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Understanding Codominance and Incomplete Dominance in Genetics

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This article defines and contrasts codominance and incomplete dominance, two essential concepts in genetics. Codominance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally without blending, evidenced by examples such as roan cattle or human blood types (AB). Incomplete dominance, on the other hand, results in a blended phenotype, like pink flowers from red and white parents. The discussion includes specific examples, genotype and phenotype outcomes, and the probabilities of various blood types and flower colors. Understand how these genetic patterns influence trait expression.

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Understanding Codominance and Incomplete Dominance in Genetics

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  1. Incomplete Dominance & Codominance

  2. Codominance red • Defined: When both alleles are dominant and equally expressed • The colors do NOT blend together, but are equally seen • Ex: Cattle Coat Red cow x White cow = Roan Cow • Ex: Human Blood types Type A x Type B = Type AB white roan

  3. Human blood type has 3 alleles Dominant A allele Dominant B allele Recessive O allele A and B allele are equally codominant Blood Types Codominant blood type

  4. List the genotypes. 100%AB List the phenotypes. 100% type AB blood Ex: Cross Jason who is homozygous for type A blood with Maria who is homozygous for type B blood. B B A A A B A B A B A B

  5. List the genotypes. 25%AB 25%Ao 25%Bo 25%oo List the phenotypes. 25% type AB blood 25% type A blood 25% type B blood 25% type o blood Probability of Heterozygous individual? 75% Ex: Mike is heterozygous for type A blood and Lisa is heterozygous for type B blood. B o A o A B A o B o o o

  6. Defined: Neither allele is completely dominant Heterozygous = blended appearance More than 2 different phenotypes can occur Ex: Many flower colors Incomplete Dominance Red (RR) White (WW) Pink (RW)

  7. List the genotypes possible. 100% RW List the phenotypes possible. 100% Pink Example: Cross an incomplete homozygous dominant red carnation (RR) with an incomplete homozygous white carnation (WW). W W R W R W R R pink pink R W R W pink pink

  8. List the genotypes possible. 50% RW 50% WW List the phenotypes possible. 50%Pink 50%White Example: Cross one heterozygous pink (RW) carnation with a white carnation (WW). R W R W W W W W pink white R W W W pink white

  9. Incomplete vs. Codominance Codominance: Both equally expressed Red flowers + White flowers = Incomplete Dominance: alleles blend Red flowers + White flowers =

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