Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML, XHTML, and CSS

1. Chapter 1:Introduction to HTML, XHTML, and CSS Jason C. H. Chen, Ph.D. Professor of MIS School of Business Administration Gonzaga University Spokane, WA 99258 chen@jepson.gonzaga.edu

2. Chapter Objectives • Describe the Internet and its associated key terms • Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key terms • Describe the types and purposes of Web sites • Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose • Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its associated standards used for Web development • Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in Web development • Define the Document Object Model (DOM) and describe its relationship to HTML

3. Chapter Objectives (cont.) • Define Extensible HypertextMarkupLanguage (XHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML • Identify tools used to create HTML documents • Describe the five phases of the Web development life cycle • Describe the different methods of Web site design and the purpose of each Web site structure • Discuss the importance of testing throughout the Web development life cycle • Explain the importance of being an observant Web user

4. Type the following URLs http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html01/myhungerfight.html http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~chenta/html01/myhungerfight.html

5. What you will learn from HTML#1 • Web#1 • You will learn the “process” of creating your first personal web page • Web#2 • You will improve your personal web page using your “logical reasoning” and “intelligence” • html01 .. html04 • All resources for html01 thru html04 will be saved different from what you saved for your personal web page. • Why?

6. H: [root directory] | public_html [web folder] index.html myself.pptx myresume.docx images [images folder] html01[folder for HTML#1] book.gif, events.gif gcan.gif, wall.gif mailbox.gif, worm.gif images[images folder] myhungerfight.html hungerfightlogo.jpg For html01 The following is the Directory Structure for HTML#1 assignment What’s new here? How do you create it?

7. What is Technology andWhy Technology? • Technology is not only considered simply as an asset or a capability to manage but also as a factor that has an impact on almost every management method and practice.

8. What Is the Internet? • The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that links billions of computers used by businesses, government, educational institutions, organizations, and individuals using modems, phone lines, television cables, satellite links, fiber-optic connections, and other communications devices and media • A network is a collection of two or more computers that are connected to share resources and information • The Internet backbone is a collection of high-speed data lines that connect major computer systems located around the world • An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that has a permanent connection to the Internet backbone

9. What Is the Internet?

10. What Is the World Wide Web? • The World Wide Web, also called the Web, is the part of the Internet that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked documents • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a set of rules for exchanging text, graphics, sound, video, and other multimedia files • Web pages are linked documents, or pages of information, on the Web • A Web site is a related collection of Web pages that is created and maintained by an individual, company, educational institution, or other organization • A home page is the first document users see when they access a Web site

11. What Is the World Wide Web?

12. Web Servers • Web pages are stored on a Web server, or host, which is a computer that stores and sends (serves) requested Web pages and other files • Publishing is copying Web pages and other files such as graphics and audios to a Web server

13. Web Site Types and Purposes • An Internet site, also known as a Web site, is a site generally available to the public • An intranet is a private network that uses Internet technologies to share company information among employees • An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technologies to share business information with others • Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet

14. Internet, Intranet and Extranet:Web Site Types and Purposes

15. Web Site Types and Purposes

16. Web Browsers • A Web browser, also called a browser, is a program that interprets and displays Web pages and enables you to view and interact with a Web page • Microsoft Firefox, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari • What is the first web browser? • Answer: Mosaic • A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a document or other file accessible on the Internet • http://www.scsite.com/html6e/index.htm • A hyperlink, also called a link, is an element used to connect one Web page to another Web page that’s located on the same server or used to link Web pages located on a different Web server located anywhere in the world

17. Web Browsers

18. What Is Difference Between a Client and a Server? Client & Server Computers

19. DATABASE TRENDS Linking Internal Databases to the Web N

20. 2. Request for data-based Web page 1. Request for data-based Web page 3. Data query 8. Data-based Web page 6. Retrieved data 7. Data-based Web page Web Browser Web server 4. Data query 5. Retrieved data Legend Communications Between Web browser And Web server Communications Between Web server And database server Database Server Web-Based Client/Server Database Architecture Network

21. What Is Hypertext Markup Language? • Web pages are created using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which is an authoring language used to create documents for the World Wide Web • HTML uses a set of special instructions called tags or markup to define the structure and layout of a Web document and specify how the page is displayed in a browser • HTML is platform independent, meaning you can create, or code, an HTML file on one type of computer and then use a browser on another type of computer to view that file as a Web page

22. What Is Hypertext Markup Language?

23. HTML Elements

24. HTML Coding Practices

25. two rows first row of two in the table Second row of two in the table A Simple Table and HTML Structure of a Table The layout of a graphical table two columns <table> <tr> </tr> <tr> </tr> </table> beginning of the table structure end of the table structure

26. table cells two rows first row of two in the table Second row of two in the table A Simple Table and HTML Structure of a Table The layout of a graphical table two columns <table> <tr> </tr> <tr> </tr> </table> beginning of the table structure <td>First Cell</td> <td>Second Cell</td> You do not need to indent the <td> tags or place them on separate lines, but you may find it easier to interpret your code if you do so. After the table structure is in place, you’re ready to add the text for each cell. <td>Third Cell</td> <td>Fourth Cell</td> end of the table structure We will study more about how to create tables in chapter 4.

27. HTML Versions • HTML has gone through several versions, each of which expands the capabilities of HTML • The most recent version of HTML is HTML 4.01, although most browsers still support HTML versions 3.2 and 2.0

28. Document Object Model (DOM) • Document Object Model (DOM) describes a combination of HTML tags, CSS, and a scripting language such as JavaScript • DOM allows JavaScript and other languages to manipulate the structure of the underlying document to create interactive, animated Web pages • Have you learned (or implemented) any?

29. Cascading Style Sheets • Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) allows you to specify the style for an element within a single Web page or throughout an entire Web site • We start using CSS in Chapter 2and will learn more in chapter 7. • See next slide for CSS example

30. Figure 2. updated index.html (for Web2) <!-- ******************************************************************************* Author: Jason Chen; File name: index.html Date: 5/25/2012 BMIS235-01 ROW: 1 Note that there is an image folder (images) created in this version This portion shows COMMENTS ********************************************************************************** --> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Home Page for Jason Chen</title> <style type="text/css"> <!-- css codes to be added here --> </style> </head> <!-- the "BACKGROUND" overwrites 'background-color' --> <body style="background-color:lightgreen" text="black" link="red" vlink="blue" alink="aqua" background="images/wall.gif"> <a name="top"></a> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write(Date()) </script> <center> <h1>Welcome to JASON CHEN's Home Page! </h1> </center> <br /> <br/> Partial codes for Web#2 link (Unvisited color) vlink (previously linked color) alink (activated link color) CSS code

31. Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) • Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that uses tags to describe the structure and content of a document, not the format • Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is a reformulation of HTML formatting so it conforms to XML structure and content rules

32. Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

33. Tools for Creating HTML Documents • A text editor (e.g., Notepad or Notepad++) is a program that allows a user to enter, change, save, and print text, such as HTML • An HTML text editor is a program that provides basic text editing functions, as well as more advanced features such as color-coding for various HTML tags, menus to insert HTML tags, and spell checkers • An HTML object editor, such as Eiffel Software object editor, provides the additional functionality of an outline editor that allows you to expand and collapse HTML objects and properties, edit parameters, and view graphics attached to the expanded objects • A WYSIWYG editor is a program that provides a graphical user interface that allows a developer to preview the Web page during its development

34. Tools for Creating HTML Documents Fig. 1-10 hungerfight html file

35. Fig. 1-10 (b) Create myhungerfight.html using Notepad (basic version) <!-- File name: greenhome.html Author: Jason Chen Date: 5/25/2012 BMIS235-01, Row No.: 2 --> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Hunger Fight</title> </head> <body> <h1 style="color: #3D60B1">Fight Against World Hunger</h1> <div> <imgsrc="hungerfightlogo.jpg" width="763" height="210" alt="Hunger Fight logo" /> </div> <p>Our school and schools around the world have recently joined forces to fight against world hunger. The office for the Fight Against World Hunger team is located next to the bookstore. You can drop off food and money donations there. We also have donation drop-off locations at participating grocery stores. See the list of stores as well as additional information on the bulletin board outside our team office.</p> <hr/> <h2 style="color: #3D60B1">What you can do to help:</h2> <ulstyle="font-style: italic"> <li>Join the school's Fight Against World Hunger team with a $10 donation</li> <li>Buy requested food at participating grocery stores and leave at drop-off locations</li> <li>Volunteer to collect money and donations around the community</li> </ul> </body> </html> Required for all html HWs

36. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Hunger Fight</title> </head> <body> <h1 style="color: #3D60B1">Fight Against World Hunger</h1> <div> <imgsrc=“images/hungerfightlogo.jpg" width="763" height="210" alt="Hunger Fight logo" /> </div> <p>Our school and schools around the world have recently joined forces to fight against world hunger. The office for the Fight Against World Hunger team is located next to the bookstore. You can drop off food and money donations there. We also have donation drop-off locations at participating grocery stores. See the list of stores as well as additional information on the bulletin board outside our team office.</p> <hr/> <h2 style="color: #3D60B1">What you can do to help:</h2> <ulstyle="font-style: italic"> <li>Join the school's Fight Against World Hunger team with a $10 donation</li> <li>Buy requested food at participating grocery stores and leave at drop-off locations</li> <li>Volunteer to collect money and donations around the community</li> </ul> <!-- the following is required for all assignments --> <br/> <br/> <i> This document was last updated on: <script type="text/javascript"> document.write(document.lastModified); </script> </i> </body> </html> Fig. 1-10 (b) Create myhungerfight.html using Notepad (final version) What is difference with this code [line] and previous one? Required for all html HWs

37. Fig. 1-10 (a) hungerfight.html using Notepad++

38. Creating an HTML Document • It is a good idea to plan out a Web page before you start coding • Draw a planning sketch or create a sample document using a word processor • Preparatory work can weed out errors or point to potential problems

39. Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

40. Web Development Life Cycle

41. An Example: Creating an HTML Document

42. Web Development Organizational Standards

43. Web Site Design and Development – (1 of 5) • A linear Web site structure connects Web pages in a straight line

44. Web Site Design and Development - (2 of 5) • A hierarchical Web site structure connects Web pages in a tree-like structure

45. Web Site Design and Development – (3 of 5) • A webbed Web site structure has no set organization

46. Web Site Design and Development - (4 of 5) • A broadWeb site is one in which the home page is the main index page, and all other Web pages are linked individually to the home page

47. Web Site Design and Development - (5 of 5) • A deep Web site is one that has many levels of pages, requiring the user to click many times to reach a particular Web page

48. Web Site Testing • Usability is the measure of how well a product, such as a Web site, allows a user to accomplish his or her goals • Usability testing is a method by which users of a Web site or other product are asked to perform certain tasks in an effort to measure the product’s ease-of-use and the user’s perception of the experience • Compatibility testing is done to verify that the Web site works with a variety of browsers and browser versions • Stress testing determines what happens on your Web site when greater numbers of users access the site

49. Web Site Testing (Usability) See lab1-1.docx (available on \datafiles\ch01\)

50. Chapter Summary • Describe the Internet and its associated key terms • Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key terms • Describe the types and purposes of Web sites • Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose • Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its associated standards used for Web development • Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in Web development • Define the Document Object Model (DOM) and describe its relationship to HTML