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A Society Gone with the Wind…. Previously. What is transcendentalism? Who is Emerson? Thoreau? Name a prominent negative writer Why were historians in the NE? What is the effect?. Who was Stephen Foster? Who was Horace Mann? What is the difference between temperance and teetolism ?
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Previously • What is transcendentalism? • Who is Emerson? • Thoreau? • Name a prominent negative writer • Why were historians in the NE? • What is the effect? • Who was Stephen Foster? • Who was Horace Mann? • What is the difference between temperance and teetolism? • Who was Dorothea Dix? • What is Jacksonian Democracy? • What did Eli Whitney invent?
Effects of Cotton Gin • Northern Industry • England • 1/5 of all jobs were manufacturing cotton • 75% came from South • South • “King Cotton”
The Slave System: Problems • Land • Stripped the soil and moved west • Monopolies • Over speculation • One-crop economy • Resentment of ________
The O’Haras and the Wilkes • 1,733 families __________ • They are in charge • Educated in finest schools • Leisure time for study • Gap widened _______________________ • Had a feudal-like society • Women in the South
The Upper Middle Class • ________ of white Southerners owned any slaves • 255,000 owned 10 or fewer • Small slave owners
Hillbillies/Crackers/Clay Eaters • 1860 • 6.1 million owned _______ slaves • Majority lived in the backcountry • Subsistence farmers • Isolated lives • Why Did They Support Slavery?
Let’s Go…Mountaineers • Independent small farmers • Didn’t own slaves • Abolitionist • Religion based
Free Blacks • Upper South • Emancipation was traced to idealism • Deep South • Usually mulattoes • Some purchased their own freedom • Conditions in the South • Conditions in the North
Pit Stop • What % of Southerners owned slaves? • Why then do you think there is a perception that all owned slaves? • Rural group that supported abolition • How were free blacks treated in the North • Why did most Southerners support slavery if they didn’t own slaves?
Askin’ All Them Questions • What % of Southerners owned slaves? • Why then do you think there is a perception that all owned slaves? • Rural group that supported abolition • How were free blacks treated in the North • Why did most Southerners support slavery if they didn’t own slaves?
Plantation System • 4,000,000 slaves in America • Why? • Majority of population in several states • Review • Slave Trade Compromise • Why was it necessary? • Still some smugglers • Acquitted by Southern judges • Investments • $2,000,000,000 • Most slaves were spared dangerous jobs • Auction • Sold along horses and cattle • Breeding • Not officially endorsed • You bred more kids…freedom? • Selective breeding
Life as a Slave • Depended on __________________ • Most worked the fields from dawn til dusk • Some took care of the children • “Mammy” • No political rights • No legal marriages • Beatings • Common • Whippings less common because it hurt their value • Biggest slave states • Most slaves lived ___________________ • Some counties they were 75% of population
Life as a Slave • Family Life • Most were raised by 2 parent families • Avoided marriage by 1st cousins • African Traditions • Most were Christianized in aftermath of 2nd Great Awakening • Emotions of slaves • Deprived of dignity and self-responsibility • Deprived of an education • “American Dream” was a mockery
Life as a Slave • Reaction of Slaves to Slavery • _____________________ • Stereotype • Stole from house • Sabotaged equipment so as not to have to work • Attempts at Freedom • Many tried ____________ • Rebellions • Nat Turner • Minister in VA • 30 families
Pit Stop • Where were the heavy slave states concentrated? • What was the Slave Trade Compromise? • How did slaves respond to slavery? • What were some problems of the plantation economy?
Results of Nat Turner • Poor conditions increased hostility among slaves • White Southerners are s_________________________ • Because of prejudice towards black citizens • American Colonization Society, 1817 • Ship black Americans back to Africa • Stricter legal codes for slaves • Movement for abolition is _______________________ • Why do you thinK?
Early Abolitionist Movement • Gradually, anti-slavery societies are created • Theodore David Weld • Energized from 2nd Great Awakening • Created many abolitionist propaganda pieces
Radicals • William Lloyd Garrison • ___________________ • Stop slavery immediately • Equal rights for women • North should secede • David Walker • Sojourner Truth
http://www.history.com/topics/sojourner-truth/videos#aint-i-a-womanhttp://www.history.com/topics/sojourner-truth/videos#aint-i-a-woman
Radicals • Frederick Douglas • Born in MD • Great speaker • Many death threats
Name an abolitionist and their solution • Who was Nat Turner? • Who was Eli Whitney? • What was Liberia for? • How were freed blacks treated in the North? • Why?
Wage slavery? • Women and children worked in horrible factory conditions • Dark, stuffy factories • Old/injured workers were discarded? • African Americans • Worked in fresh air • Old and sick were cared for
Result of the Wage Slavery debate… • Widened the gap between North and South • South isolated themselves from western world • Grew intolerant of slavery questions • Gag Resolution, 1836 • Piles of abolitionist petitions poured into Congress • Southerners pass a gag rule to put aside slavery question without a debate • JQA gets it repealed after 4 years
Wage Slavery Debate • On a sheet of paper (or half if you want to share) • Evaluate the following statement: • Northern factory workers are no more free than Southern slaves • A-J • Disagree • K-Z • Agree • Think about the conditions that both had to work under…
Name an abolitionist and their solution • Who was Nat Turner? • Who was Eli Whitney? • What was Liberia for? • How were freed blacks treated in the North? • Why? • What is the Southern response to the slavery debate? • What was the Gag Resolution of 1836? • What were the two main immigration groups in the 1840s-1850s • What was the Know-Nothing Party? • What is transcendentalism?
Tyler becomes President • How? • John Tyler • 6’ and slim • Left Democrats because he didn’t like Jackson’s use of power • Doesn’t always fits in • Runs to balance the ticket • Tyler is against the Whig Platform • Pro-bank • Pro-improvements • Pro-tariff
The President with No Party? • Whigs push through a bill that would recreate the National Bank • Tyler vetoes it • The Whigs rework the bill and put it back to Tyler • He vetoes it again • Tariff Bill • Tyler wants more money but doesn’t like how the tariff money will be distributed and vetoes it • Whigs redraft it and then Tyler signs it
The President With No Party! • Called Tyler “His Accidency” • He is burned in effigy • Numerous death threats • Formally expelled from the Whig Party • His cabinet resigns • All except Daniel Webster • Serious attempts to impeach him in the House • What is the process to get a president out of office?
This Guy Can’t Catch a Break • USS Princeton Incident • John Tyler and his cabinet are showing off a newly constructed ship • In showing off one of the guns, it exploded • Killed several people including two members of the Cabinet • Secretary of State • Secretary of the Navy • Tyler’s soon to be father-in-law
Pit Stop • What party was Tyler a member of? • Why do the Whigs kick him out? • Why was the Whig Party founded? • What is the difference between temprance and teetoalism • What was the Missouri Compromise about?
War of Words--Britain • Anti-British feelings • Why do you think? • British wrote of us.. • America’s Financial Relationship
Manipulating Maine • How was the state of Maine created? • Who? • Britain wants to ____________________ • Arostook War (Pork & Beans War) • Somewhat violent confrontation between Maine and Canadian Lumberjacks • Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842
Back to the Heart of Texas… • Mexico refuses to recognize ___________ as an independent country • Why would they not recognize the treaty? • Threatens war if America takes Texas in • Texas has to keep up a costly military establishment in case Mexicans attack again • Start putting out offers to other countries
Back in the Heart of Texas… • Britain wants an independent Texas • Why?
The Texas Two-Step • Angered by British meddling in Texas • Leading issue of 1844 election • Tyler does not want to Annex it • Fear of upsetting North • Instead goes through a loophole • Calls for joint legislation • Texas becomes 28th state • Mexico claims we stole Texas from them
Who was Dorothea Dix? • What country tried to get involved with the Lone Star Republic? • Why? • What did Tyler do to Annex Texas?
The Dark Horse • James K. Polk • 5’8 and lean • Hard-working • Micromanager • Drives him to death • Polk the Purposeful • Some people consider him to be one of the great Presidents of all time…
Enter the Dark Horse… • Election of 1844 • Tyler drops out • Henry Clay (W) • James K. Polk (D) • “Dark Horse” • Polk wins 170-105 • Polk only wins NY by 5,000 votes • Clay gets Nader-ed
Polk’s Objectives • Polk is associated with Manifest Destiny • The idea that it is divinely ordained that America should spread to the Pacific
Pit Stop • What territory was disputed with Britain • Who was the Dark Horse? • What was the Caroline? • What was the Creole? • How did British newspapers depict America? • Who was Eli Whitney? • Who was Samuel Slater? • Who was Dorothea Dix? • What is Deism?
