1. MAE 435 – Final Presentation Advisor: Dr. Zhang Liebherr representative: James Whitfield -Albert Ochagavia -PithanRojanavongse -Josh Harris -John Alexander Liquefied Natural Gas Fuel tank

2. LNG Background • What is LNG? • Liquefied Natural Gas • -162° C • 1/600 volume of Natural Gas • Why use it? • Cost • Availability • Efficiency • Environment

3. Project Statement • To design and analyze a Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) fuel tank for Liebherr’s current T 264 mining truck that conforms to all Pressure Vessel and LNG regulations and fits in the space available on the mining vehicle.

4. Project Goals • Design LNG Tank to fit Liebherr’s current T 264 Mining Truck • Maximize Volume for 8-12 hour operational time (35% work load) • Strictly follow pressure vessel and LNG standard regulations • Perform a Finite Elemental Analysis of the tank using SolidWorks

5. Tank Design Parameters • Space Available • Assumptions • Load factor of 35% • LNG engine efficiency equivalent to Diesel • ASTM Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code • Same tank design will be used for both tanks

6. Inner Tank • A240 Type 304 Stainless Steel • Total volume: 1800 L • Thickness: 1.75 inches • 2 parts (Shielded Metal Arc Welding Method)

7. Ullage Tank • Volume: 180 L • Increases hold time • Pump less fuel method • Full tank gauge • Rivets • Diameter: 2.5 inches • Length: 3 inches • Vertical and horizontal support

8. Insulation Layer • Multi Layer Insulator (MLI) • 1 inch thickness • Low thermal conductivity • K= 0.0001 W/m-k • High thermal resistance • R=1440 m^2K/W

9. Outer Shell • A240 Type 304 Stainless Steel • Made of 2 parts • Shielded Metal Arc Welding Method • Allows vacuum • Placement for rivets at the bottom

10. Manifold

11. LNG fuel tank

12. Gauges • Three Companies: Omega, Ashcroft, and WIKA • Two Gauges: • Fuel • Standard Size: ~ 2” • Pressure • Maximum tank pressure: 420 psi • Average Size: 1 – 2 ½” • Properties: • High pressure • High shock resistant • Cryogenic temperatures (304 SS)

13. Standard Diameter: 1 ½ “ Time efficient Prevention of temperature and pressure changes Function at cryogenic temperatures and atmospheric pressure 50 Gallons Per Minute Material: Stainless Steel The majority of companies are developing similar fueling methods Quick disconnect and fueling Parker, CryoMac, Carter, etc. 50 gallons per minute Stainless steel Fueling Methods

14. Three Major Components • Vent • Removing warmer gas • Sub-cooling LNG residual • Decrease in pressure • LNG facilities may have a vent connection • Liquid • For defueling tank (emergency situations) • Relief Valves • Reduces pressure • Safety feature

15. Rules & Regulations • NFPA 57 – Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicular Fuel Systems Code • Design, installation, operation, and maintenance of LNG engine fuel systems on vehicles of all types • SAE J2343 – Recommended Practice for LNG Medium and Heavy-Duty Powered Vehicles • Guidance for construction, operation, and maintenance of LNG heavy-duty vehicles for public transit and commercial applications

16. Safety Features • Ullage Tank • Pressure Relief Valves • 350 psi • 400 psi • Emergency Shutoff Valves • Defueling connection

17. Finite Element Analysis • Weight Analysis (4000 lbs) • Yielding stress 207 MPa (304 SS) • Max stress from FEA 22 MPa

18. Finite Elemant Analysis • Pressure (420 psi) • Yielding stress 207 MPa (304 SS) • Max stress from FEA 190 MPa

19. Goals (2) • Design a single LNG Tank to fit Liebherr’s current T 264 Mining Truck Designed a tank that fits and has an approximate volume of 1800 L • Maximize Volume for 8-12 hour operational time (35% work load) Total of 3500 L = 11-12 hour of operation time • Strictly follow pressure vessel and LNG standard regulations NFPA 57 SAE J2343 • Perform a Finite Elemental Analysis of the tank using SolidWorks Max stress < yielding stress for 304 stainless steel (207 Mpa)

21. QUESTIONS?