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Unit 2.4 Containers and Damage Assessment

Unit 2.4 Containers and Damage Assessment. Objectives. Key characteristics of containers Identify various types of highway, rail, fixed and portable containers Identify potential emergency control devices Recognize the importance of proper container damage assessment. Unit 2.4  2.

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Unit 2.4 Containers and Damage Assessment

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  1. Unit 2.4 Containers and Damage Assessment

  2. Objectives • Key characteristics of containers • Identify various types of highway, rail, fixed and portable containers • Identify potential emergency control devices • Recognize the importance of proper container damage assessment Unit 2.4  2

  3. Key Characteristics • Shape • Pressure • Non-pressurized (0  5 psi) • Low pressure (5  100 psi) • High pressure (100  3,000 psi) • Ultra-high pressure (over 3,000 psi) • Capacity Unit 2.4  3

  4. Container Use • Fixed storage • Transportation • Highway • Rail • Intermodal • Pipeline • Portable Unit 2.4  4

  5. Construction and Standards • Construction materials • Non-ferrous • Ferrous • Alloys • Aluminum • HSLA • Stainless steel • Standards • Rail specification • Highway spec plate • DOT • Motor carrier (MC) Unit 2.4  5

  6. Fixed Facility Containers Unit 2.4  6

  7. Non- and Low Pressure Storage Unit 2.4  7

  8. Pressurized Storage Unit 2.4  8

  9. Specialty Fixed Containers • Telescoping • Cryogenic • Other unique containers exist • Planning is essential Unit 2.4  9

  10. Highway Containers Unit 2.4  10

  11. Non-Pressurized (DOT 406) • Common use: Petroleum products, some poisons • Construction: Mostly made of aluminum Unit 2.4  11

  12. Low Pressure (DOT 407) • Use: General purpose chemical tanker • Construction: Aluminum, SS or steel • Might be insulated Unit 2.4  12

  13. Corrosive Carrier (Dot 412) • Use: Heavy corrosive liquids • Construction: Black iron, SS or alloys • May be specially lined Unit 2.4  13

  14. Pressurized (MC 330 & MC 331) • Use: Liquefied compressed gases • Construction: Steel, HSLA Unit 2.4  14

  15. Cryogenic Carrier (MC 338) • Use: Ultra cold cryogenic liquids • Construction: Specialized with annular space and unique venting characteristics Unit 2.4  15

  16. High Pressure Tube Trailers Unit 2.4  16

  17. Dry-Bulk Carrier (Non specification) • Use: Hazardous and non-hazardous powdered and granular materials • Pneumatically off-loaded Unit 2.4  17

  18. Intermodal Containers Unit 2.4  18

  19. Video  Containers Unit 2.4  19

  20. Rail Containers Unit 2.4  20

  21. General Rail Containers • Box cars • Flat cars • Gondola cars • Hopper cars • Tank cars Unit 2.4  21

  22. Rail Tank Cars • Classifications • Non-pressurized (less than 100 psi) • Pressurized (greater than 100 psi) • Capacities up to 31,500 gallons • Some are dedicated service (approx. 40) • Intermodal • TOFC and COFC Unit 2.4  22

  23. Non-Pressurized • Use: Liquids with low vapor pressures • Construction: No expansion dome Unit 2.4  23

  24. Non-Pressurized (with expansion dome) • Use: Liquids with higher volatility • Construction: Expansion dome for vapors Unit 2.4  24

  25. Pressurized (Liquefied gas service) • Use: Liquefied gas carrier • Construction: Protective dome, no underside piping Unit 2.4  25

  26. Shipping Papers and Placards • Highway shipping papers • Rail shipping papers • Marine (Dangerous cargo manifest) • Air (Air bill) Unit 2.4  26

  27. Non-Bulk Containers • Capacities • Less than 119 gallons • Less than 1000 lbs. water capacity • Types • Cylinders, bags, carboys • Drums, boxes, totes Unit 2.4  27

  28. Pipelines • May be single or multi product lines • Use of “pigs” • Specific gravity • Pipeline markers • Safety features Unit 2.4  28

  29. Radiological Packaging • Special form • Normal • Low specific activity • Type “A” packaging • Type “B” packaging Unit 2.4  29

  30. Summary • Numerous types of containers • General classifications • Container used is largely dependent upon vapor pressure of the product • Shipping papers are essential • Radioactive packaging considerations Unit 2.4  30

  31. Container Damage Assessment

  32. Objectives • Identify three types of stressors • Understand the need for damage assessment • Define BLEVE and its potential impact Unit 2.4  32

  33. Types of Container Stressors • Thermal • Chemical • Mechanical Unit 2.4  33

  34. Failures and Releases • Failures • Disintegration • Run-away cracking • Openings in closures • Punctures • Splits and tears • Release Types • Detonation • Violent rupture • Rapid relief • Spill or leak Unit 2.4  34

  35. Container Damage Assessment • Very risky operation • Goal is to identify “critical containers” • Ones in which catastrophic failure is possible • Items to consider • Pressure • Container construction • Type of stressor Unit 2.4  35

  36. Critical Pressurized Containers • Mechanical failures • Pressurized tanks (e.g. MC 330 and 331) do tolerate dents well • Thermal impacts • BLEVE Unit 2.4  36

  37. Activity 2.4 Container Recognition Unit 2.4  37

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