Write True/False next to each statement

1. Write True/False next to each statement • Alcohol has always been legal in the United States • Women received the right to vote with the 15th amendment, it was not difficult to obtain • Slavery existed in the north and the south • Public education has always been available and “free” in the United States • The criminally insane have always been separated from the general criminal population

2. Reform of Thinking Religion continues to play an important role in Western Expansion. In the early 1700’s: The First Great Awakening occurred bringing the idea that God loves everyoneIn the 1820’s-1830’s: The Second Great Awakening occurs, prompting the idea of social reform (ending slavery b/c it is anti-Christian) The Second Great Awakening Large religious “revivals” Traveling preachers, huge gatherings

3. 2nd Great Awakening • The Awakening lasted from the 1790s to the 1840s, and spanned the entire United States. • The religious revitalization that the Awakening was a Protestant phenomenon. • every person could be saved through revivals. It enrolled millions of new members, and led to the formation of new denominations. • Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age. • The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.

4. ABOLITION Movement

5. Abolition: “To abolish or destroy” Abolitionist Movement • had as its goal the ending of slavery.

6. WROTE AN ABOLITIONIST NEWSPAPER, THE LIBERATOR, BELIEVED IN THE IMMEDIATE END TO SLAVERY stressed nonviolence and passive resistance 1832 he helped organize the New England Anti-Slavery Society, and, the following year, the American Anti-Slavery Society. Famous Abolitionists"I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD." • WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON • Many Abolitionists were attacked in both the North and South

7. Famous Abolitionists… • Frederick Douglass • was born a slave. He educated himself and ran away from slavery • worked as an orator traveling to speak about the evils of slavery. • Owner of newspaper The North Star Frederick Douglass

8. SOJOURNER TRUTH • SLAVE UNTIL 1827 • A STRONG SPEAKER message “SLAVES ARE NOT ANIMALS BUT HUMAN BEINGS.” • She also spoke out for women’s rights “Ain’t I a woman”

9. Sarah and Angelina Grimke • Sarah and Angelina Grimke • Southern sisters whose family owned a plantation • Upon parents death they set their slaves free and wrote a book declaring slavery “anti-Christian” • They moved North and began to speak out across the country against slavery.

10. Writes novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” • Fictional account of slavery • Extremely influential- bestselling novel ever, changed into a play and translated into many different languages. • Harriet Beecher Stowe

11. “the Underground Railroad” • HARRIET TUBMAN“Moses” • How it works • SERIES OF ROUTES TO THE NORTH AND CANADA • PROVIDED FOOD AND SHELTER AT THE “STATIONS” ALONG THE WAY. Esp Quakers

12. Abolitionist Success after the Civil War (1865) • 13th Amendment • 14th Amendment • 15th Amendment • which abolished slavery • which conferred citizenship and provided for due process rights • which guaranteed the right to vote to adult males

13. (melody “3 blind mice”) All the slaves are free, after the civil war Citizens have equal protection, after the civil war Male citizens can go to the voting booth while women stay home to tend their brood Free Citizens Vote 13,14,15

14. Suffrage Movement Women’s Rights

15. People feared that allowing women the right to vote would lead to the downfall of the family!

16. Women’s Rights Movement Women’s Rights Movement Many women who were abolitionists (the Grimke sisters, Sojourner Truth) became leaders in the suffrage movement. Realized they needed more rights for women

17. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia C. Mott [SAM] early leaders of the women's rights movement Stanton Mott Anthony

18. Seneca Falls Convention Seneca Falls, New York Convention organized in 1848 to generate support for women’s suffrage. Issued the “Declaration of Sentiments” a Declaration of Independence for women!

19. Sponsorship for a women’s suffrage amendment to the U.S. Constitution in Congress began in 1878….. The amendment was reintroduced every year until Congress finally approved it in 1919. Making women the last group in the country to get their rights.

20. 19th AmendmentPassed by Congress June 4, 1919. Ratified August 18, 1920 Women are given the right to vote June 4, 1919.

21. Temperance Movement

22. THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT AMELIA BLOOMER BEGAN THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT. HER GOAL WAS TO CURB (LESSON) THE USE OF ALCOHOL.

23. WHY FIGHT ALCOHOL? MEN UNDER THE INFLUENCE TEND TO BE MORE VIOLENT AGAINST THEIR WIVES AND CHILDREN

24. THE 18TH AMENDMENT PROHIBITION made it illegal to make, sell, or transport liquor in the United States! Alcohol consumption went down 20%! But enforcing this federal law proved to difficult and costly. Mobsters like Al Capone became wealthy selling alcohol on the “black market.”

25. 21st AMENDMENT 1933 REPEAL (to take away) of PROHIBITION! ****The only time in US history an amendment was repealed!**** Consumption of and sale of alcohol was legal again The amendment was repealed in 1933.

26. Education Reform “A human being is not attaining his full heights until he is educated.” ~Horace Mann

27. HORACE MANN HORACE MANN BELIEVED THE ONLY WAY THE LOWER CLASSES COULD BETTER THEIR LIVES IN OUR SOCIETY WAS THROUGH FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION!

28. FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION!!! HORACE MANN – Known as the “Father of the Common School” because he… The earliest attempts to professionalize teaching first public schools in Massachusetts (Normal schools) The improvement of the quality of education offered in rural schools.

29. Prison Reform

30. Dorothea Dix American reformer Dorothea Dix pushed for reform of prison inmates, the mentally ill, and the destitute.

31. Dix went to teach prisoners to read at a local jail… Within the confines of this jail she observed…. When asked why the jail conditions were so bad, the answer she was given was that Horrified by the conditions provided for the mentally ill in Massachusetts prostitutes, drunks, criminals, mentally challenged individuals, and the seriously mentally ill all housed together in unheated, unfurnished, and foul-smelling quarters. “the insane do not feel heat or cold.” Dix successfully petitioned the state government for improvements in 1843. She was directly responsible for building or enlarging 32 mental hospitals in North America, Europe, and Japan.

32. Reform of Thinking TRANSCENDENTALISM*Among the transcendentalists' core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both people and nature. *Transcendentalists believed that society and its institutions—particularly organized religion and political parties—ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual. *They had faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. It is only from such real individuals that true community could be formed.*The major leaders in the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, Margaret Fuller and Amos Bronson Alcott

33. Inspired by Transcendentalism….. *Thoreau detested slavery and because tax revenues contributed to the support of it, Thoreau decided to rebel through passive resistance…. refusing to pay his taxes. He is thrown in jail. *The incarceration may have been brief but it has had enduring effects through "Civil Disobedience." People like Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. followed this form of thinking which allowed for Civil Disobedience.

34. John J. Audubondrew birds, mammals, plants and other nature items while traveling throughout America. Ivory-billed Woodpecker by John J. Audubon • He captures the spirit of young America, when the wilderness was limitless… • He had a deep appreciation and concern for conservation; in his later writings he sounded the alarm about destruction of birds and habitats which sets the foundation for

35. The Hudson River School *The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism

36. Labor Reform

37. wages were low, hours long and working conditions hazardous. worse for women and children, who made up a high percentage of the work force in some industries and often received but a fraction of the wages a man could earn. Periodic economic crises swept the nation, further eroding industrial wages and producing high levels of unemployment. The life of a 19th-century American industrial worker was far from easy.

38. technological improvements, reduced the demand for skilled labor. unskilled labor pool was constantly growing due to 18 million immigrants between 1880 and 1910 -- entering the country, eager for work. virtually no labor legislation existed in the country until 1874

39. For millions, living and working conditions were poor, and the hope of escaping from a lifetime of poverty slight.

40. In response to the excesses of 19th-century capitalism and political corruption, a reform movement arose called "progressivism," which gave American politics and thought its special character from approximately 1890 until the American entry into World War I in 1917. The Progressives saw their work as a democratic crusade against the abuses of urban political bosses and corrupt robber barons. Their goals were greater democracy and social justice, honest government, more effective regulation of business and a revived commitment to public service.