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What makes water so special?

What makes water so special?. H. H. Water. A water molecule (H 2 O), is made up of three atoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen. O. So…what makes water so special?. Water is Polar!!!!. The oxygen end “acts” negative The hydrogen end “acts” positive

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What makes water so special?

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  1. What makes water so special?

  2. H H Water • A water molecule (H2O), is made up of threeatoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen. O

  3. So…what makes water so special?

  4. Water is Polar!!!! • The oxygen end “acts” negative • The hydrogen end “acts” positive • Causes the water to be POLAR, like a magnet.

  5. Hydrogen Bonds Exist Between Water Molecules • Formed between a highly Electronegative atom (like oxygen in another water) of a polar molecule and a hydrogen • Weak bond, but strong in great numbers (ask about Crocodile Dundee)

  6. Interaction Between Water Molecules Negative Oxygen end of one water molecule is attracted to the Positive Hydrogen end of another water molecule to form a HYDROGEN BOND

  7. What are the Properties of Water?

  8. Properties of Water • Cohesion

  9. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion

  10. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion • High Specific Heat

  11. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion • High Specific Heat • High Heat of Vaporization

  12. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion • High Specific Heat • High Heat of Vaporization • Less Dense as a Solid

  13. Cohesion • Attraction between particles of the same substance (why water is attracted to itself) • Results in surface tension (a measure of the strength of water’s surface)

  14. Cohesion … Helps insects walk across water, but how is it helpful to people?

  15. Adhesion • Attraction between two different substances. • Water will make hydrogen bonds with other surfaces such as glass, soil, plant tissues, and cotton. • Capillaryaction-water molecules will “tow” each other along when in a thin glass tube.

  16. Adhesion Causes Capillary Action Which gives water the ability to “climb” structures

  17. High Specific Heat • Amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1° C. • Water resiststemperature change, both for heating and cooling. • Would you rather walk on sand or in water on a beach on a hot summer day? • Which would be warmer that night? Why?

  18. High Heat of Vaporization

  19. Water vapor forms a kind of global ‘‘blanket” which helps to keep the Earth warm. • Heat radiated from the sun warmed surface of the earth is absorbed and held by the vapor.

  20. Water is Less Dense as a Solid • Which is ice and which is water?

  21. Solutions & Suspensions • Water is usually part of a mixture. • There are two types of mixtures: • Solutions: substance dissolves in liquid • Suspensions: substance suspends in liquid • Come up with examples

  22. Solutions Water is the solvent, salt is the solute  salt water is the solution

  23. Suspensions • Substances that don’t dissolve but separate into tiny pieces.

  24. Acids, Bases and pH One water molecule is made of two ions, (H+) and a Hydroxide Ion (OH-) Hydrogen Ion Hydroxide Ion Acid Base H2O  H+ + OH-

  25. Acids and Bases • Acid: A solution with lots of H+ ions • pH 0 up to 7 is acid (acidic) • Base: A solution with lots of OH- ions • pH above 7 – 14 is basic (alkaline)

  26. The pH Scale…acids • Indicates the percent of H+ ions • Ranges from 0 – 14 • pH of 7 is neutral • Each pH unit represents a factor of 10X change in concentration • pH 3 is 10 x 10 x 10 (1000x) stronger than a pH of 6

  27. The pH Scale…bases

  28. Buffers • Weak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH (neutralization). • Produced naturally by the body to maintain homeostasis Weak Acid Weak Base

  29. Human biology and pH • Your blood maintains a pH of 7.35 – 7.45 (slightly basic) • Balance is maintained by buffers in blood, breathing, and urinating • The human vaginal canal has a pH of 3.8 – 4.5…Why?

  30. Write down 3 questions you have.

  31. Quick Quiz

  32. Quick Quiz Draw a water molecule with labeled atoms and charges. What is the property called that describes water sticking to itself? What makes a solution acidic? What has a higher pH, bleach or lemon juice? Why do we sweat?

  33. Quick Quiz Draw a water molecule with labeled atoms and charges.

  34. Quick Quiz Draw a water molecule with labeled atoms and charges. What is the property called that describes water sticking to itself?

  35. Quick Quiz Draw a water molecule with labeled atoms and charges. What is the property called that describes water sticking to itself? What makes a solution acidic?

  36. Quick Quiz Draw a water molecule with labeled atoms and charges. What is the property called that describes water sticking to itself? What makes a solution acidic? What has a higher pH, bleach or lemon juice?

  37. Quick Quiz Draw a water molecule with labeled atoms and charges. What is the property called that describes water sticking to itself? What makes a solution acidic? What has a higher pH, bleach or lemon juice? Why do we sweat?

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