MNA M osby ’ s Long Term Care Assistant Chapter 47 Basic Emergency Care

1. MNAMosby’s Long Term Care AssistantChapter 47Basic Emergency Care

2. Emergency Care First Aid is the emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives. Basic Life Support– BLS. Provides breathing and circulation for the victim. Require speed, skill and efficiency.

3. You will need to take a CPR/First Aid Course BLS Cardiac Arrest Respiratory Arrest Chain of Survival CPR FBAO AED

4. Choking (FBAO) Choking can result in unconsciousness and cardiopulmonary arrest. It is often caused by food or other foreign body lodged in the throat (airway). Choking caused by foreign body airway obstruction accounts for about 3,000 deaths each year. The recognition and proper management of choking is of key importance to safety in homes, restaurants, and other public places.

5. FBAO prevention Cut food into small pieces. Chew food slowly and thoroughly, especially if wearing dentures. Avoid laughing and talking during chewing and swallowing. Avoid excessive intake of alcohol before and during meals.

6. Heimlich Maneuver CALL FOR HELP. Ask, “Can you speak? Are you choking?"If the victim can speak, cough, or breathe, DO NOT INTERFERE. If the victim CANNOT speak, cough, or breathe: Ask for permission to assist give subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrusts until the foreign body is expelled or the victim becomes unconscious.

7. Heimlich Maneuver In the case of extreme obesity or late pregnancy victims - give chest thrusts.

8. Hemorrhage Excessive bleeding or flow of blood either internally or externally.

9. Hemorrhage Treatment Call for help apply direct pressure Elevate to reduce the flow of blood. Use pressure point if necessary Asses pulse

10. Shock Signs and symptoms include: Low B/P Rapid weak pulse Cold, moist pale skin Restlessness Thirst Confusion LOC Organs and tissues do not get enough blood.

11. Shock Treatment: Call for help Keep the victim lying down Elevate feet Cover with a blanket Provide reassurance

12. Anaphylactic Shock Life threatening allergic reaction Symptoms: Sweating SOB Low B/P Irregular pulse Swelling of throat, airway Hoarseness Dyspnea Notify nurse in charge immediately Activate EMS

13. Seizures Possible causes Loss of blood flow to brain Temperature Infection Head injury Poisoning Brain tumors Violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscles

14. Seizures Treatment: Call for help Lower to the floor Place something under the head Loosen tight clothing Move items out of the way Turn to the side if possible No food or fluids Do not place anything in the mouth

15. Fainting Sudden loss of consciousness from an inadequate blood supply to brain. Common causes: Hunger, fatigue, fear, pain, standing in one position for a long time.

16. Fainting Treatment: Sit or lie down Elevate feet Loosen tight clothing Keep airway open Warning signs: Dizziness Perspiration Floaters Sounds seem far away Pale skin Pulse is weak

17. Stroke Cerebrovascular accident Brain is deprived of blood supply due to embolus or ruptured vessel.

18. Stroke Cerebrovascular accident Signs and Symptoms: LOC or Semi-consciousness Rapid pulse Labored breathing Vomiting Hemiplegia Elevated B/P Slurred speech Visual disturbance

19. Stroke Cerebrovascular accident Treatment: Call for help Elevate the head Loosen tight clothing Provide reassurance Keep victim quiet and warm

20. Vomiting Emesis Lots of things can trigger vomiting, from migraines to kidney stones. Sometimes, just seeing someone else vomit will start you vomiting (its your body's effort to protect you from possible exposure to the same danger. Vomiting is common. Most of the time, N/V do not require urgent medical attention. If symptoms continue for days, the vomiting is severe, or the patient cannot keep down any food or fluids, they may have a more serious condition.

21. Vomiting Treatment Provide emesis basin Provide cool wash cloth Provide oral care as needed Report and record

22. Burns 1st degree - superficial thickness redness, pain 2nd degree - partial thickness redness, pain, blisters 3rd degree - full thickness nerve endings destroyed, not painful, black charred

23. Burns 1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree

24. Burns First Aid Remove from danger, fire Stop burning process Do not remove burned clothing if stuck to skin CPR as needed 1st & 2nd– water to cool 3rd– clean dry sterile dressing

25. Review When giving first aid you should ? • Be aware of your limits • Move the victim • Give the victim liquids • Perform any necessary emergency measure

26. Review The most common cause of obstructed airway in adults is? • Loose dentures • meat • marbles • candy

27. Review A resident is bleeding from the left forearm. The first action should be to ? • Lower the body part • Apply pressure to the brachial artery • Apply direct pressure to the wound • Cover the person

28. Review A person is in shock. You should? • Open the airway • Remove the person’s clothing • Keep the person lying down • Elevate the person head

29. Review A stroke primarily effects what body part? • liver • brain • kidney • heart

30. Review What piece of equipment is provided when a person is vomiting? Emesis basin

31. Review Another term for a convulsion is a seizure

32. Review A condition that results when organs and tissues do not get enough blood is called? shock

33. Review A person is choking. If the obstruction is not relieved ______________________ will occur Cardiac arrest

34. Review A person is having a seizure. Immediately place something in his/her mouth. True False

35. Review A person has fainted. Have them walk around to stimulate circulation True False

36. Review A person has had a stroke. Elevate their head. True False

37. Review The Heimlich maneuver requires 4 abdominal thrust. True False

38. Review If a victim can speak, perform the Heimlich maneuver. True False

39. Review Cool a 3rd degree burn with cold water. True False