Describe characteristics of early man Explain impact of geography on human societies

1. Objectives 9/10 • Describe characteristics of early man • Explain impact of geography on human societies • Analyze cave art for clues of technology, religion • Describe how human lifestyles changed in the Neolithic Era

2. The Development of Civilization Early Man – Pre-AP

3. Early Man – Pre-AP • Homo Sapiens Sapiens emerged • During the Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) 2 million – 12,000 BCE • Humans lived in clans, were nomadic and hunted and gathered for food • Since both men and women shared the job of supplying food for the family, there was relative equality among men and women • Populations remained small ---Why?

4. Simple stone tools developed, • use of fire, and cooperation were • characteristics of Paleolithic humans. • Cultures began to develop • that included goddesses, • cave paintings. • What is culture? • A system of beliefs that helped • explain the environment and set up rules of social behavior • Oral language helped transmit culture Paleolithic Humans

5. The greatest achievement of humans in the Paleolithic Era was the migration to all continents except Antarctica. Land and ice bridges connected the continents. Humans originated in Africa

6. How did humans migrate from Asia into the Americas? Land/Ice Bridges connected Siberia and Alaska

7. Humans during this time had to adapt to their physical environment. What were some adaptations? Using animal skins for warmth Using natural resources for shelter

8. As the Ice Age ended, sea levels rose eliminating the land bridges. As the earth warmed, the human population expanded Technology improved The Neolithic Revolution began between 10,000-8,000 years ago which transformed human existence.

9. As rising sea levels eliminated land bridges, societies became isolated in the Americas, islands, and Australia. Aborigines are believed to be descended from the first humans who migrated to Australia during the Paleolithic era.

10. Agriculture develops Seeds scattered at a regular campsite result in crops the following season The agricultural revolution begins and over the next several hundred years, many societies begin to farm. Agriculture first developed in the Middle East.

11. How did life change for humans as they settled into permanent dwellings? • Farming led to food surpluses • Technology advanced rapidly as farm tools, • weaving, basket-making and pottery developed • Humans domesticated animals

12. The Role of Women As agriculture developed, the role of women began to change. Gender equality which existed in the Paleolithic era was replaced by a patriarchal society in which men became the primary farmers or workers. As a result of better nutrition and a sedentary life, women had more children. Women became family caregivers.

13. Human communities developed • Political and • Economic goals • Religion • Social patterns • Intellectual • advancements and • Achievements

14. The Bronze Age began around 4000 BCE with the development of metal working First copper and later bronze would be used to make farm tools and weapons

15. Effects Causes • People become sedentary • living in permanent • settlements • Job specialization • Population explosion Climate Changes Global warming Scattering of seeds led to crops Agricultural Revolution Growth of villages into Cities

16. Agriculture changed everything – It was a revolution because it led to: Ad Advanced Technology Recor J Record Keeping Job Specialization Civilization Advanced Co Complex Institutions Advanced Cities

17. Agriculture led to larger communities – • Slash and burn farming • Herding • Permanent settlements • Development of irrigation systems – sharing resources • required organization – • development of early goverments • Development of defense • Job specialization • Social hierarchy develops with wealth or economic surplus Walls of Jericho Technological and social advances gave rise to stable communities

18. Aleppo and Jericho Were early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists CatalHuyuk is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia or Asia Minor

19. With the development of agriculture, humans no longer adapted to their environment. They learn to control their environment . Example: growing crops, domesticating animals such as goats and developing irrigation systems to control flooding.

20. Stonehenge, located in England provides a perfect example of humans controlling their environment. Built between the Neolithic era and completed during the bronze age, each stone weighs four tons each. How did they build it?

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