Modul 7

1. Modul 7 EAST NUSANTARA TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE LOMBOK ARCHITECTURE The Sasak In the North of Lombok is dominated with mountain range, whose highest peak is Mount Rinjani (3726 m). The mountains draw down rainfall which makes irrigated rice cultivation possible in fertile plain running accross the center of the island. In the South of Lombok is one of arid limestone hills whose unreliable rainfall makes agriculture difficult and capable of supporting only a sparse population. Lombok Island is the blending of historical influences. For much of the past three centuries, Lombok was dominated by the Balinese as a depency of the Javanese Kindom of Majapahit of 14th century. Lombok was fought over by Klungkang (Balinese kingdom-east sentral) and The Makassarese Kingdom of Gowa (South Sulawesi) with its vassal state of Bima (Sumbawa). In the years of 1740-1894 Balinese Kingdom of Karangasem prevail. In 1894 the Sasak staged an uprising which with Dutch intervention, led to the final expulsion of the Balinese Raja. The 18th century temple palace complex of Narmada and Mayora water palace at Cakranegara are the architectural legacy of the Balinese Era. Some 85.000 Balinese still live in West Lombok, lived with indigenous Sasak. http://www.mercubuana.ac.id

2. which provide a sitting platform for daily chores and social intercourse. The latter with their breezy, raised platform, and extended eaves provide a cool, shady space for socialising, and most daily activities other than sleeping. The pavilion is also used for sleeping and for ritual function; the dead are laid out here prior to their removal to the graveyard. In Southern village, the platform beneath the rice barns fulfils a similars role to pavilions in the north (not all northern village have a barns) There are four basic types of granary and they come in different sizes. A man sitting on lower verandah (sesangkok), this area is used for receive guests while male family members may sleep here at night.The platform or plinth beneath the ricebarn is often used by Sasak women as a place to set up their backsrtap looms for weaving. The Rice Barns The rice barns (lumbung) is a distinctive of Sasak architecture. The structure is raised on piles in an unusual bonet-shape roof. Thatched with alang-alang grasses. The four pondation posts support a pair of transverse beams on top of which rests a cantilevered roof frame with bamboo rafters. The only opening is a small rectangular hatch hightop in the gable end into which a harvested rice is placed. Large wooden discs (jelepreng) are set onto the top of the foundation posts to prevent rodents from getting at the rice store. http://www.mercubuana.ac.id Wetu Telu Mosques Some 28.000 Sasak adhere to a syncretic form of Islam designated as Wetu Telu, which incorporates both Hindu and indigenous animist beliefs.

3. central section. The high triangular tower rising abruptly like a thatched obelisk, which distinguished a clans principal house. Only older men are permitted to enter this otherwise empty part of the building and even they do so rarely. House Form and Construction House comprise a two major-types, Uma Mbatangu (Eastern Sumba) with a high central tower. By contrast smaller houses lack the central tower uma Kamudungu (Bald houses) / Uma Maringu (cool house) and there are the Uma Merapu (Ancestral House). The house dimension about 25 square metres - 200 square metres can provide single family or as many as five or more family. The house constructed of wood and thatch, walls are constructed of plaited palm boughs, areca sheath, or among the very rich, buffalo hide. Bamboo is more in use in western Sumba than in the east. The pile is one metres or more in high. As Sumbanese regard the earth as an abode of potentially dangerous spiritual beings, it is forbidden to build houses directly on the ground. The raised floor also allows cool air and light to enter the building through widely spaced floor planks. The space beneath the floor also where chickens and pigs are housed and fed. http://www.mercubuana.ac.id Ritually ordered column in Sumbanese Architecture. The set of pillars