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MADD 2012 - Radiological Emergencies

MADD 2012 - Radiological Emergencies. Incident Command System *Radiological Haz-Mat PRD’s *Canberra Mini- Radiac Dosimeter Radiological Decontamination. (4) Radiological Concepts. (ALARA)

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MADD 2012 - Radiological Emergencies

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  1. MADD 2012 - Radiological Emergencies • Incident Command System *Radiological Haz-Mat • PRD’s *Canberra Mini-Radiac Dosimeter • Radiological Decontamination

  2. (4) Radiological Concepts • (ALARA) Keeping your exposure to radiation and radioactive material “As Low As Reasonably Achievable” • (Contaminate) • (Exposure) • (Time, Distance, Shielding)

  3. Building Blocks of Matter

  4. How big is an Atom? • Take one small speck of dust and expand it to the size of earth… * a single Atom would be the size of a city * Alpha particle radiation would be the size of a ping-pong ball

  5. What is radiation? • It’s ENERGY… * emitted through space and matter. - light - heat - sound Radioactivity - alpha - beta - gamma / x-rays

  6. Stable vs. Unstable Atoms • An atom with too many or too few neutrons contains excess energy and is not stable • Unstable atoms give off excess energy (radiation) • Radioactive atoms are unstable atoms

  7. Ionization • Ionizing radiation: - Process of removing electrons from atoms or molecules • Non – ionizing radiation: - radio waves - microwaves - visible light - ultraviolet waves

  8. Electromagnetic Spectrum

  9. Types of Ionizing Radiation - Alpha - Beta - Gamma / X-rays - Neutron * Most radioactive materials may emit more than one kind of radiation.

  10. Alpha Radiation • Range - 2 inches • Shielding - paper, cloth - dead layer of skin • Biological Hazards - not external hazard - internal hazard - easily stopped by dead layer of skin * Alpha radiation will not cause damage from outside the body…

  11. Beta Radiation • Range - up to 30’ • Shielding - thick clothing - ¼ inch aluminum - ¼ inch plastic • Biological Hazard - external hazard to skin and eyes - internal hazard

  12. Gamma Rays/ X-Rays • Range - hundreds of feet • Shielding (dense) - lead - steel - concrete - dirt • Biological Hazard - whole body hazard (external and internal)

  13. Neutron Radiation • Range - hundreds of feet • Shielding - (hydrogen/water) - plastic, concrete, dirt • Biological Hazard - whole body hazard (internal/external hazard)

  14. Radioactive Boy Scout • David Dahn: - Started experimenting at 4 years old - Idealized Marie and Peirre Curie - 1991 awarded Atomic Energy badge - 1994 nuclear reactor attempt - Over 1,000 x’s normal back round radiation in neighborhood - Superfund Clean-up site - Arrested 2007 – stealing smoke detectors - Americium 241… smoke detectors - Thorium… lantern mantles - Radium… clocks - Tritium… gun sights - Lithium… batteries

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