NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency

1. NATOConsultation, Command and Control Agency Cooperative ESM Operations: the Present and the Future Mr. Rene Thaens Dr. Franco Fiore Dr. Martin Schmidt NATO C3 Agency – The Hague (NL) NATO UNCLASSIFIED

2. Outline • Introduction • The need for Cooperative Geolocation (C-GLOC) • Trial Hammer 2005 • Single Geolocation (S-GLOC) • C-GLOC • Trial Spartan Hammer 2006 • IP-based Datalink • The way ahead NATO UNCLASSIFIED

3. Introduction • Proliferation of modern IADS using intelligent RF techniques (LPI, EMCON) • Fast relocation time • S-GLOC is quite difficult • Need for cooperation within NATO forces • Network-centric/enabled approach  C-GLOC NATO UNCLASSIFIED

4. The need for Cooperative Geolocation (C-GLOC) • Angle of Arrival measurements and angular displacement NATO UNCLASSIFIED

5. The need for Cooperative Geolocation (C-GLOC) (cont.) • NATO SEWG (SIGINT/ESM Working Group) • Established in 1999 • Developed C-GLOC procedures • Proposed a NATO standard for exchanging ELINT/ESM data • Trial Hammer 2005 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

6. Trial Hammer 2005 • First NATO wide Trial on C-GLOC • Near-real time collector shared data in order to find the positions of a variety of emitters • Theoretical analysis of S- GLOC by NC3A has shown: • Stationary emitter S-GLOC possible • GLOC accuracy depends on: • Sensor-emitter geometry • Sensor accuracy • Number of LOBs • More LOBs, the better. Max achievable accuracy is bounded • Larger angular displacement NATO UNCLASSIFIED

7. Trial Hammer 2005 • C-GLOC: • Sensor positioning influence the error ellipse size • If high accuracy sensors, error ellipse size is smaller • Two sensors could be sufficient to obtain good results, if positioned carefully • Sharing of information: datalink • Trial hammer 05: secure voice TACREP+ exchange NATO UNCLASSIFIED

8. Trial hammer 2005 (cont.) NATO UNCLASSIFIED

9. Trial Hammer 2005 (cont.) NATO UNCLASSIFIED

10. Results • Results have been achieved by conveying detection data over noise voice communication channels (TACREP+) and by calculating the geo-location of the target manually. • Need for automatic data dissemination (datalink) • Trial Spartan Hammer 2006 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

11. Trial Spartan Hammer 2006 • Goal: • Trial the current joint, combined signals intelligence interoperability and emerging SIGINT/ESM sensor, geo-location and communication capabilities, available to NATO to facilitate SEAD and SOF missions • Cooperative ESM operations (CESMO) • Use of IP based datalink (IP network over RF) NATO UNCLASSIFIED

12. Use of datalink • Reduced latency and error susceptibility of voice communications • Opportunity to fully automate the process of combined ESM operations; • Crypto features are absolutely necessary (confidentiality of exchanged data) • What if a message is NOT received? NATO UNCLASSIFIED

13. Use of datalink (cont.) • Message set Granularity • Precision • Message Latency • Semantics • Tool requirements • Automatic processing • Geolocation NATO UNCLASSIFIED

14. The way ahead • Necessity for changes in message set • Does NATO need further CONOPS? • Type of data links that are suitable for CESMO • Need for further trials NATO UNCLASSIFIED

15. NC3A Brussels Visiting address: Bâtiment ZAvenue du Bourget 140B-1110 BrusselsTelephone +32 (0)2 7074111Fax +32 (0)2 7078770 Postal address:NATO C3 AgencyBoulevard Leopold IIIB-1110 Brussels - Belgium NC3A The Hague Visiting address: Oude Waalsdorperweg 612597 AK The HagueTelephone +31 (0)70 3743000Fax +31 (0)70 3743239 Postal address:NATO C3 AgencyP.O. Box 1742501 CD The HagueThe Netherlands CONTACTING NC3A NATO UNCLASSIFIED