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Understanding Internet Protocols: HTTP, FTP, Email, and DNS Essentials

Dive into the world of Internet protocols in this comprehensive overview. Learn about HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), the foundation for transferring web pages from servers to browsers, and FTP (File Transfer Protocol), which enables the exchange of files between computers. We’ll also explore email protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP for managing email delivery and retrieval. Additionally, understand the Domain Name System (DNS) that translates domain names into IP addresses, including insights into fully qualified domain names (FQDNs) and the significance of top-level domains.

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Understanding Internet Protocols: HTTP, FTP, Email, and DNS Essentials

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  1. Internet Overview Part II Mrs. WilsonInternet Basics & WAY Beyond!

  2. HTTP--Hypertext Transfer Protocol • Protocol used to transfer web pages from a web server to a client. (YOU!!) The web client is actually the web browser. • HTTP is the set of rules required to exchange files (text, images, video) across the web. • HTTP contains references or "links" to other files. Web servers are known as HTTP servers.

  3. FTP--File Transfer Protocol • Originally developed to allow researchers to give one another access to programs and large data files. • Usually have ID and password BUT there are anonymous FTP sites

  4. What is FTP? • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows a person to transfer files between two computers, generally connected via the Internet. • If your system has FTP and is connected to the Internet, you can access very large amounts of files available on a great number of computer systems. • When using FTP, you use a program, called a 'client' to connect to a machine that holds the files, a 'server'.

  5. What is Anonymous FTP? • Many computer systems throughout the Internet offer files through anonymous FTP. • This means that you can access a machine without having to have an account on that machine (i.e. you don't have to be an official user of the system).

  6. Examples: • Use the prefix FTP. Instead of HTTP. • FTP.FTPPLANET.COM • FTP.IPSWITCH.COM • FTP.RPHSBUSINESS.ORG • (password protected NOT anonymous)

  7. Electronic Mail--E-mail • Two servers: Incoming/Outgoing • SMTP(simple mail transfer protocol) is outgoing • POP and IMAP (Post Office Protocol & Internet Message Access Protocol) are incoming. • POP resides on the server/IMAP allows sharing of mailboxes. • E-Mail Software To read your e-mail, you need a program. There are stand-alone software packages, such as Eudora (www.eudora.com) and Pegasus (www.pegasus.usa.com), but the two most popular World Wide Web browsers--Netscape (www.netscape.com) and Internet Explorer (www.microsoft.com/ie)--come bundled with perfectly adequate e-mail applications.

  8. DNS--Domain Name System www.ciwcertified.com Server (host)Name Registered Company Domain Name Domain Category (Top-Level Domain) DNS syntax--Read it right to left

  9. Top-Level Domains • The COM, EDU and UK portions of these domain names are called the top-level domain or first-level domain. • There are several hundred top-level domain names, including COM, EDU, GOV, MIL, NET, ORG and INT, as well as unique two-letter combinations for every country.

  10. FQDN--Fully Qualified Domain Name • Complete domain from the www to the .com as example. • DOESN'T include the http or the ftp.

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