FC.53 EARLY CHINA AND THE PATTERN OF ITS HISTORY(c.1500-500 B.C.E.)

1. FC.53 EARLY CHINA AND THE PATTERN OF ITS HISTORY(c.1500-500 B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over & revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. civ. Combining priestly & polit. roles No separate priest class Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irregular & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc. Heavy infl. on Ch. medicine & art (esp. landscapes) Confucianism & Taoism along w/ Buddhism complement each other & provide balance to Ch. civ. Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028 B.C.E.) Follow cycle of Ch. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) (FC.54)

2. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

3. Baskets of rice seeds await their initial planting as workers prepare a muddy field in the South during February.

4. Preparing a rice paddy for transplanting the rice shoots.

5. Women transplant the rice shoots in neat rows in a rice paddy some 25 days after their initial planting.

6. A rice paddy on the tropical island of Hainan of the southern coast of China.

7. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

8. A gorge cut by the Yangtze River

9. Mountains along the southern coast of China

10. China’s northeastern frontier near the North Korean border

11. A bamboo forest in eastern China

12. The tempestuous sea pounds against China’s rocky coast.

13. Sand dunes overlook sheep grazing in the western province of Gansu

14. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

15. Terraced hillsides overlook the Yellow River, which has flooded some 1500 times in Chinese history.

16. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

17. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

18. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

19. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

21. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s

23. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

24. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028-256 B.C.E.) Follows cycle of Chin. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

26. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028-256 B.C.E.) Follows cycle of Chin. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

27. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028-256 B.C.E.) Follows cycle of Chin. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

28. Confucianism • Based upon duty and 5 Basic Relationships • Man is inherently good (or least can be led to goodness) • Seek social harmony in this world

29. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028-256 B.C.E.) Follows cycle of Chin. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

30. Daoism – “The Way” • The Dao is all • All is relative: Yin & Yang • Non-action: do nothing to oppose the Dao

31. “Try not. Do or do not, there is no try.”

32. Go With The Flow

33. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028-256 B.C.E.) Follows cycle of Chin. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc.

34. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028-256 B.C.E.) Follows cycle of Chin. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc. Heavy infl. on Ch. medicine & art (esp. landscapes)

35. FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c.1500-500 B.C.E.) A Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028-256 B.C.E.) Follows cycle of Chin. history“Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc. Heavy infl. on Ch. medicine & art (esp. landscapes) Confucianism & Taoism along w/ Buddhism complement each other & provide balance to Ch. civ.